Mitosis/Meiosis review

Mitosis/Meiosis review

Mitosis

• The division of somatic cells (body cells)

• Creates 2 identical daughter cells

• Interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase, and cytokinesis

cell cycle

• Interphase and mitosis

• Interphase is broken down to 3 different stages

• G1, S, G2 otherwise known as gap or growth 1, synthesis, and gap or growth 2

• 3 checkpoints

Multiple Choice

This stage is called _____________. It takes up _________ of a cell's cycle.

• interlock, 90%

• interphase, 90%

• interlock, 80%

• interphase, 80%

Multiple Choice

Interphase is the ________________ period for the cell.

• growing

• glowing

• going

• guessing

Multiple Choice

Fill in the blank: Prophase, ________________, Anaphase, ___________________

• Metaphase, Television

• Telophase, Mitochondria

• Metaphase, Telophase

• Telophase, Metaphase

Multiple Choice

What is the first phase of mitosis?

• Process

• Prokyratoic

• Protest

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What is the acryonym used to remember the four phases of mitosis?

• P, S, A, T

• P, R, O, M

• P, T, A, P

• P, M, A, T

Prophase

• Chromatin begins to coil around histone proteins and produces chromosomes

• Nuclear envelope disappears

• Chromosomes look like an X because they have been duplicated

Metaphase

• The chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell as the centrioles have made their way to each polar end of the cell.

• Spindle fibers are protruding from the centrioles and ready to attach to the centromeres of the chromosomes

Anaphase

• Chromosomes are attached to spindle fibers at the centromere

• The spindle fibers retract back to the centrioles pulling the chromosomes apart

Telophase

• The cell is now ready to divide into 2 new cells. There is now equal number of chromosome and organelle on both sides of the cell

• Cytokinesis cuts the cytoplasm in half producing 2 new cells

Multiple Choice

What is happening during prophase?

• chromosomes condense, nucleus disappears

• chromosomes appears, nucleus condenses

• chromosomes condense, nucleus condenses

• chromosomes disappears, nucleus disappears

Multiple Choice

What pulls the chromosomes apart?

• Spinner wheels

• Spiral windows

• Spindle fibers

• Spiral fibers

Multiple Choice

What are the "x" particles lined up in the middle called?

• DNA

• Genes

• RNA

• Chromosomes

Multiple Choice

What phase is this?

• Metaphase

• Telophase

• Anaphase

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this?

• Anaphase

• Metaphase

• Telophase

• Prophase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this?

• Metaphase

• Telophase

• Prophase

• Anaphase

Multiple Choice

What phase is this?

• anaphase

• anaphalytic

• aneurysm

• antibacterial

MEIOSIS

• Cellular Division of sex cells (sperm & egg cells

• Interphase, Meiosis I & Meiosis II

• Begins with a diploid (2n) cell

Meiosis I

• Before Meiosis I interphase has to occur to prepare the cell for cellular division.

• Homologous Chromosomal pairs are divided into two diploid daughter cells but will then split again into 4 haploid daughter cells later In Meiosis II.

Meiosis I

• PMAT I

• During Prophase I homologous chromosomal pairs synapse and perform “crossing over”.

• Crossing over provides us with genetic variation because DNA is exchanged.

Meiosis I

• Metaphase I - the homologous pairs are now lined up at the middle of the cell

• Anaphase I - the homologous pairs are now being pulled apart by spindle fibers to both sides of the cell

• Telophase I - the chromosomes are now on both sides of the cell and nuclear envelope reforms

Cytokinesis

Cytokinesis follows Telophase I to divide the 2 new diploid daughter cells

Meiosis II

• There is no interphase between meiosis I and meiosis II

• Prophase II- the nuclear envelope breaks down and chromosomes reappear

• No crossing over occurs in prophase II

Meiosis II

• Metaphase II- Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell to prepare to separate into sister chromatids

• Anaphase II- Chromosomes are being pulled apart into sister chromatids by their centromeres and spindle fibers

Meiosis II

• Telophase II- the nuclear envelope begins to reappear with each new being haploid

• Cytokinesis performs and splits both daughter cells into 4 new haploid cells or gametes (n)

Multiple Choice

If a diploid organism has a genome consisting of 22 chromosomes, its gametes will have ___ chromosomes

• 44
• 22
• 11
• 20

Multiple Choice

The process in which haploid gametes are formed in diploid organisms is

• Meiosis
• Mitosis
• Cytokinesis
• DNA replication

Multiple Choice

Meiosis II is similar to mitosis in that...

• homologous chromosomes synapse
• DNA replicates before division
• The chromosome number is reduced
• Sister chromatids separate during anaphase

Multiple Choice

When does crossover take place in meiosis?1

• Prophase II
• Interphase
• Prophase I
• Metaphase I

Multiple Choice

During which phase of the meiotic cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

• Interphase
• Prophase
• Metaphase
• Anaphase

Sperm Cells & Egg Cells

• All Male gametes or sperm cells are fertile (4/4)

• Female gametes produce only one gamete or egg cell that can be fertile (1/4) while the other 3 are known as polar bodies.

• The egg is larger in size than the polar bodies

Multiple Choice

The female sex cell is called a ____?

• egg
• sperm
• zygote
• diploid

Multiple Choice

What is the cell called that results from fertilization?

• egg
• sperm
• zygote
• diploid