DNA and RNA Review

DNA and RNA Review

DNA - Deoxyribonucleic Acid

• DNA molecules consist of small units called nucleotides. 

  Several Million nucleotides make up one strand of DNA.

• DNA is what carried our genes

• Our genes cannot be translated until mRNA leaves the nucleus, goes to the ribosome, and makes proteins

• DNA's purpose is to make proteins

• But it has to go through multiple steps before it can do that

• DNA stays in the nucleus (it cannot leave), which is the purpose of mRNA, it is able to leave the nucleus

Nucleotides

• Phosphate group + sugar + nitrogen base = one nucleotide 

  
  

The Double Helix

-First discovered by Rosalind Franklin

-Francis Crick and James Watson got the credit

So why was the discovery of the Double Helix important?

Base Pairing

RNA

• For DNA to translate to proteins, mRNA must be transcribed

• every three nucleotides of mRNA = one amino acid

• RNA is single stranded

The Central Dogma of Life

Multiple Choice

What is the function of mRNA?

• carry DNA's instructions to the ribosome

• transport amino acids to ribosome

• unknown

• make a message of DNA

Multiple Choice

What holds the nitrogen bases together?

• covalent bonds

• peptide bonds

• nitrogen bonds

• hydrogen bonds

Multiple Choice

What does cytosine pair with in DNA?

• adenine

• uracil

• thymine

• guanine

Multiple Choice

What is the RNA complimentary sequence to ATGCAT

• TACGTA

• UACGUA

• TACTGT

• AUGGTA

Multiple Choice

Which is NOT a part of a nucleotide?

• ribosome

• nitrogen base

• phosphate

• deoxyribose

Multiple Choice

What are the building blocks of DNA?

• ribosomes

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What is the DNA complementary sequence for ATGCGAT

• TACGCTA

• ATGCGAT

• CGTACTA

• UTACTAU

Multiple Choice

What would be the mRNA Strand for the following DNA Strand:

C-A-T

• G-U-A

• G-C-A

• G-C-T

• G-C-U

Multiple Choice

What would be the complimentary DNA Strand for the following:

C-G-T

• C-G-T

• G-C-U

• G-C-A

• C-G-U

Multiple Choice

Which scientists developed the double helix model of the DNA molecule?

• Hardy and Weinberg

• Watson and Crick

• Darwin and Lamarck

• Miller and Urey

Multiple Choice

What is the role of DNA in controlling cellular activity?

• DNA provides energy for all cell activities

• DNA determines which proteins are produced by the cell

• DNA is used by cells for the excretion of nitrogenous wastes

• DNA provides nucleotides for the construction of plasma membranes

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of molecules?

• DNA -> RNA -> Proteins
• Proteins -> DNA -> RNA
• RNA -> DNA -> Proteins
• There is no specific order of these molecules

Multiple Choice

Which molecule holds ALL of an organisms' genes ALL the time?

• DNA
• RNA

Multiple Choice

In Eukaryotic cells, where is DNA ALWAYS located?

• Cytoplasm
• Nucleus
• Outside of the cell
• DNA is always moving around