English Colonies

English Colonies

Ch. 3 TCI

The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

• English settlers established colonies in North America for several reasons: mainly from escaping religious persecution in England.

• The English government supported all these efforts in part because it was competing for land in the Americas with other nations like France, Spain and the Dutch.

• England followed an economic policy called mercantilism.

• Mercantilism: is an economic policy in which nations tried to gain wealth by controlling trade of their colonies.

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Why did colonist from the New England region come to the new world to start colonies?

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How did England try to control their colonies and gain wealth?

The New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies

•  They can be grouped into three distinct regions:  the New England, Middle, and Southern Colonies.

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The New England Colonies

• The New England region included the colonies of Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire.

• New Englanders built their  economy  on small farms, lumbering, fishing, shipbuilding, and trade.

The Middle Colonies

• The people who settled the Middle Colonies represented many cultures and religions.

• One important group, the Quakers, started the colony of Pennsylvania.  

• Like the early settlers of New England, the Quakers were looking for freedom to practice their religion without fear of persecution

The Southern Colonies

• The five Southern Colonies were Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

•  This region featured broad rivers and vast wetlands that gradually merged with the sea.

• The soil and the hot and wet climate were ideal for growing tobacco, rice, and other cash crops.

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This region featured broad rivers and vast wetlands that gradually merged with the sea. The soil and the hot and wet climate were ideal for growing tobacco, rice, and other cash crops.

Massachusetts: A New England Colony

• The king presided over the Church of England, also called the Anglican Church.

• One group, who would later be called Puritans, wanted to “purify” the Anglican Church by making services simpler and doing away with ranks of authority.  

• A radical faction among Puritans, called Separatists, wanted to be completely separate from the English church and have the ability to form their own congregations.

• During their voyage, they signed an agreement called the  Mayflower Compact

• the Pilgrims invited the Wampanoag to share their first harvest in a three day feast of thanksgiving.

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In 1621, the Pilgrims invited the Wampanoag to share their first harvest in a three day feast of?

Rhode Island: A New England Colony

• When a young minister named Roger Williams began preaching different ideas, the Puritans put him on trial

• Williams bought land from the American Indians for a settlement.  He called it Providence, a word meaning “the guidance and care of God. ”

• While the people of Rhode Island sought freedom to follow their own beliefs, this ideal did not extend to enslaved Africans.  

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Roger Williams started his own colony and named it Providence, which means what?

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Roger Williams welcomed people with different

Connecticut: A New England Colony

• Thomas Hooker was a Puritan clergyman  

• Hooker believed that government should be based on “the free consent of the people,”

• He helped draw up the first written plan of government for any of the colonies, which was called the Fundamental Orders.  

• The Fundamental Orders  guaranteed  the right to vote to all men who were members of the Puritan church.

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Thomas Hooker believed that government should be based on...?

 New York: A Middle Colony

• The English took control of the settlement of New Netherland in 1664.  

• The English renamed the colony New York in honor of its new proprietor (owner), James, the Duke of York. 

• Although New York's rich landlords approved of the duke's approach to governing his colony, farmers, fishers, and tradespeople did not. 

• After years of protest, the duke finally allowed New Yorkers to elect an assembly in 1683.  This first assembly passed 15 laws, the most important of which was a charter listing a number of rights that most colonists believed they deserved as English citizens.  

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The English took control of the settlement of New Netherland in 1664 and renamed it what?

Pennsylvania: A Middle Colony

• William Penn was a member of the Society of Friends, or Quakers. The Quakers believed in a simple lifestyle and in treating all people equally.  

• With the Quakers unwelcome in England, Penn sought to establish a colony in America where they would be free to practice their own beliefs.

• Many were drawn to Pennsylvania by his Great Law of 1682, which guaranteed that people of all faiths would be treated equally.

• Penn wrote important government documents that made Pennsylvania the first democracy in America.

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William Penn was a member of the "Society of Friends", or Quakers. The Quakers believed in a simple lifestyle and in treating all people (how)?

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What did William Penn do that would that made Pennsylvania the first democracy in America.

Maryland: A Southern Colony

• Calvert wanted to start a colony “founded on religious freedom where there would not only be a good life, but also a prosperous one for those bold enough to take the risk. ”

•   Catholics in Maryland worshiped freely and took part in the colony's government alongside Protestants.

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Virginia: A Southern Colony

• The economy of Virginia was based on tobacco.  

• At first, planters tried putting the surrounding American Indian tribes to work. BUT THEN many of them died of diseases they caught from the colonists

• Next, tobacco planters tried bringing the poverty-stricken from England to work their land. In exchange for free passage to Virginia, the workers agreed to become indentured servants for a period of five to seven years.  

• Gradually, however, planters turned to slaves to solve their labor problem.

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The economy of Virginia was based on what?

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Why did "Planters" turn to African slaves as a means to solve their labor problems?

Georgia: A Southern Colony

• Englishmen whose business plan was based on a grand and noble idea. They wanted to help poor people in England stay out of debtors' prison.  

• King George II and his government liked this plan because the Georgia colony would help keep the Spanish from moving north out of Florida

• Instead of an army of debtors, the colonists who went with Oglethorpe to Georgia in 1732 were adventurers much like the settlers in the other colonies.

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King George II liked the Georgia colony because it kept (who) from moving north into the colonies.