American Revolution Unit Study Guide Review

American Revolution Unit Study Guide Review

These slides are in historical order (not the order of your study guide!) however I added numbers to correspond with Study Guide questions!

Multiple Choice

2. Who won the French and Indian War (or Seven Years War) in 1763 and gained political control over most of colonial America, including Canada?

• the French

• the Indians

• the British

• the Colonists

British Control

• British imposed new laws and regulations on their North American colonies

• 2. Proclamation of 1763 stated colonists could not settle of the Appalachian Mountains (angered colonists)

• 2. Britain sent 10,000 soldiers to the colonies and required the colonies to house the troops (Quartering Act)

• 11. Pontiac's Rebellion: Native American assaults on the English frontier in 1763 by attacking British settlers and forts

Multiple Choice

1. Who held the policy of mercantilism?

• French armed forces

• Second Continental Congress

• unofficial colonial groups

• British government

• British armed forces

Mercantilism

• British owed a large debt from the French and Indian War

• Needed revenue (money)

• Wanted the colonies to contribute towards costs

• 2. 1764 Sugar Act taxes sugar, molasses and other products. Had to be reduced after boycotts and protests

Multiple Choice

2. Which of these British policies required the colonies to trade only with England?

• Navigation Acts

• Stamp Act

• Townshend Acts

• Tea Act

Multiple Choice

3. Why did colonists resist the new acts that Great Britain passed during this time?

• to cause as much destruction of British property as possible

• to show their potential for leadership

• to demand representation in Parliament

• to protest how much tea Great Britain was selling

Growing Colonial Resistance

• Sons and Daughters of Liberty organize boycotts of British goods

• 11. Protests against the Stamp Act and Townshend Acts (law that taxed lead, paint, glass, and tea)

• March 1770 Boston Massacre occurs between British soldiers and colonists

• 1773 Tea Act... this really made the colonists angry!

Crispus Attucks and Salem Poor

• Crispus Attucks, a black man-, was the first man to die for the rebellion in 1770 (Boston Massacre)

• Salem Poor began life as a Massachusetts slave and ended it as an American hero. Poor joined the fight for independence. Enlisting multiple times, he is believed to have fought in the battles of Saratoga and Monmouth. He’s most famous, however, for his heroism at the Battle of Bunker Hill.

Multiple Choice

4. Who was most responsible for the Boston Tea Party?

• Second Continental Congress

• unofficial colonial groups

• British armed forces

• French armed forces

• British government

Intolerable Acts

• 2. British reaction to the Boston Tea Party

• 1774: closed port of Boston

• British appointed General Thomas Gage governor or Massachusetts

Multiple Choice

5. Who was most responsible for the closing of Boston Harbor?

• Second Continental Congress

• unofficial colonial groups

• British armed forces

• French armed forces

• British government

Multiple Choice

6. Who was most responsible for the defense of Lexington and Concord?

• Second Continental Congress

• unofficial colonial groups

• British armed forces

• General Washington

• British government

Lexington and Concord

• April 19, 1775: First battles of the Revolutionary War

• 4,000 Minutemen and militiamen versus the British troops (Redcoats). 11. General Gage tried to capture colonial leaders at Lexington and Concord

• British left and returned to Boston

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Fort Crown Point in May 1775?

• the Americans

• the British

Fort Ticonderoga

• 11. May 10, 1775, a small force of Green Mountain Boys led by Ethan Allen and Colonel Benedict Arnold surprised and captured the fort

• The cannons and other weapons were later transported to Boston to be used at the Battle of Bunker Hill

• This small battle gave the Continental Army a staging ground for the invasion of Quebec later in 1775.

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Bunker Hill in June 1775?

• the Americans

• the British

Battle of Bunker Hill

• Boston June 1775

• Colonial Militiamen seized Bunker and Breed's Hill and built fortification

• British attacked and despite heavy losses pushed the colonial militia off the hill

• Britain began to include hired German soldiers called Hessians to fight with them against the colonists

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Quebec in Dec 1775?

• the Americans

• the British

Multiple Choice

10.Who became the commander of the colonial army in 1775 and was most responsible for keeping the colonial army together?

• Benedict Arnold

• George Washington

• Ben Franklin

• John Locke

Multiple Choice

11. Who wrote the pamphlet titled "Common Sense" that helped to convince many Americans that a complete break from Great Britain was necessary?

• George Washington

• Thomas Jefferson

• Ben Franklin

• Thomas Paine

Multiple Choice

15. Which of the following arguments can best be made about the relationship between the colonists and the delegates to the First and Second Continental Congress?

• The colonists had little say as to who would represent them to the King; therefore, they saw it necessary to form militias and fight against British troops on their own.

• The colonists worked with their delegates to the Continental Congresses and were encouraged by the delegates to take up arms against British troops.

• The colonists were represented by delegates, but the battles of Concord and Lexington show that they were willing to take matters into their own hands if necessary.

• The colonists fully trusted the delegates to work on their behalf because they chose them to represent their cause to Great Britain.

Multiple Choice

7. Who was most responsible for the Declaration of Independence?

• Second Continental Congress

• unofficial colonial groups

• British armed forces

• General Washington

• British government

Multiple Choice

8. Why was Jefferson chosen to write the Declaration of Independence?

• He had traveled widely and knew how to address a world audience

• He was the leader of the Continental Congress

• He volunteered for the task

• He had proven his profound writing skills

Thomas Jefferson

• “Committee of Five”—Thomas Jefferson, John Adams, Benjamin Franklin, Roger Sherman and Robert Livingston were tasked with writing the Declaration of Independence

• Jefferson would eventually serve as the Vice President and 3rd President of the US

• In 1989, a Philadelphia man found an original printing of the DOI hidden in the back of a picture frame he bought at a flea market for $4. it was in excellent condition and sold for $8.1 million in 2000.

John Locke

• 2. British philosopher

• core idea of the Declaration of Independence was based on Locke's ideas

• people have rights and governments cannot take those rights; if a government disregards those rights then the people should abolish the government

Multiple Choice

9. According to Locke, which of the following is the most important government action?

• funding schools

• building highways

• collecting taxes

• holding a Presidential election

Multiple Choice

Which American holiday celebrates the Declaration of Independence?

• Thanksgiving

• Memorial Day

• July 4th

• Labor Day

July 4 1776

• Actually, the Second Continental Congress officially adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4th

• They didn't start signing the Declaration until August 2, 1776

• The signed parchment copy now resides at the National Archives in Washington, DC.

• The oldest signer was Benjamin Franklin, 70 years old; the youngest was Edward Rutledge, a lawyer from South Carolina who was only 26 at the time.

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of New York City in July 1776?

• the Americans

• the British

Washington Crosses the Delaware River

• British and Hessian troops push George Washington and the Continental Army out of New York City and into New Jersey

• By Dec 1776, Washington has to retreat into Pennsylvania. On Dec 25th, Washington leads an American surprise attack across the Delaware River and into Trenton (NJ).

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battles of Trenton and Princeton (Dec 1776)?

• the Americans

• the British

Gen. John Burgoyne

• led British, Hessian and Iroquois troops south from Canada in June 1777

• 2. Iroquois became British allies in the Revolution

• 11. surrendered his forces at Saratoga

Role of African-Americans in the American Revolution

• Between 5,000 and 8,000 African-descended people participated in the Revolution on the Patriot side, and upward of 20,000 served with the British.

•  The British offered freedom to any enslaved person who enlisted and fought with them.

• Colonel Tye earned a reputation as a strong leader in the Revolutionary War for the British

First Rhode Island Regiment

• The First Rhode Island Regiment, the first Continental Army unit largely comprised of New England blacks, showcased African Americans’ skill as soldiers and commitment to the revolutionary cause.

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battles of Saratoga (Oct 1777)?

• the Americans

• the British

Battles of Saratoga

• General Horatio Gates and Benedict Arnold charged against the British forcing a British retreat and surrender by Burgoyne

• These colonial victories served as the turning point of the Revolutionary War

• 12. Benedict Arnold is considered most responsible for the American victory at Saratoga

• 11. Arnold fought with distinction for the American Continental Army, rising to the rank of major general, before defecting to the British side of the conflict in 1780.

Multiple Choice

11. Who was the American ambassador to France during the Revolution?

• Ben Franklin

• Thomas Jefferson

• John Adams

• Marquis de Lafayette

European Help

• After colonial victory at Saratoga, King Louis XVI of France recognized American independence and signed treaties of alliance

• Marquis de Lafayette, was a 19 year old French nobleman who volunteered to join the Continental Army and became a successful military leader

• In 1779, Spain also agreed to help the Americans

Multiple Choice

11. What German helped to train the Continental Army at Valley Forge to move in lines and columns and how to better use the bayonet weapon?

• Baron von Steuben

• Ben Franklin

• George Rogers Clark

• John Locke

Winter at Valley Forge

• In late 1777, Washington was forced to retreat from Philadelphia and his troops spent the winter camped at Valley Forge- with little food, clothing or warmth.

• Valley Forge came to symbolize the great hardships and perseverance of the American colonial troops

Multiple Choice

2. Who was the 24 year old frontiersman who captured western British forts in 1777 after persuading other men in the Ohio Valley to join the fight against the British?

• George Washington

• General Howe

• George Rogers Clark

• Marquis de Lafayette

War at Sea

• By 1777, Britain has about 100 warships off the coast of America and they controlled the trade routes

• American privateers attacked British ships, including James Forten-the son of a free African American.

Multiple Select

13. Which of the following were ways that John Paul Jones contributed to the American Revolution? Select TWO.

• His naval battle caused Great Britain to begin considering surrender during the American Revolution.

• His support of Great Britain angered and motivated many colonists.

• His naval victory caused positive morale among the American Revolution soldiers.

• His naval battle caused recruitment in the Navy to increase.

• His leadership led to an unlikely victory.

John Paul Jones

• Won the first major sea battle for the Americans

• famous for his reply to the British "I have not yet begun to fight"

• The British navy was the best in the world and his unlikely victory inspired Americans

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Charles Town (Charleston) in 1780?

• the Americans

• the British

Southern losses

• Dec 1778 British captured Savannah, Georgia

• British Gen. Henry Clinton in 1780 trapped the American forces at Charles Town (now Charleston, SC)

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Cowpens (in South Carolina) in Jan 1781?

• the Americans

• the British

Nathanael Greene

• Americans began to win some battles in the South

• Greene was put in charge of the Southern part of the Continental Army by George Washington

• he used a tactic to avoid full-scale large battles with the British and instead used smaller guerrilla style fighting by moving around

Multiple Choice

Who won the Battle of Yorktown (in Virginia) in 1781?

• the Americans

• the British

Multiple Choice

Who fought as allies with the Americans, contributing to the victory at Yorktown?

• French armed forces

• British government

• unofficial colonial groups

• British armed forces

• Second Continental Congress

Yorktown

• British General Cornwallis set up his base at Yorktown

• Aug 1781 French fleet arrived to block the British from receiving supplies (and from escaping)

• General George Washington trapped Cornwallis with the Continental Army and French troops

• Cornwallis surrendered on Oct 19, 1781. It was the last major battle of the Revolutionary War

James Armistead

• James Armistead’s life changed drastically—from an enslaved person in Virginia to a double agent passing intel, and misinformation

• Armistead joined the Patriots’ efforts, they assigned him to infiltrate the enemy. So he pretended to be a runaway slave wanting to serve the British

• Because of Armistead’s efforts, they got the insight they needed to successfully execute the decisive Siege of Yorktown, which effectively ended the war. 

Multiple Choice

14. Which of the following was the primary right the Founding Fathers sought to uphold?

• The right of people to be self-governing.

• The right to freedom of religion.

• The right to vote in a general election.

• The right of the people to rebel against an unjust government

Why the Americans Won

• American persistence and resilience despite setbacks and losses

• Better leadership- Washington learned from his mistakes

• Foreign aid and help- especially the French

• Americans knew the land better than the British

• Americans were motivated by their need for independence

Treaty of Paris of 1783

• Ended the Revolutionary War

• Provided for American independence

• Established boundaries at the Mississippi River, Canada and Spanish Florid