Lesson 4.3: The Middle Kingdom

Lesson 4.3: The Middle Kingdom

Essential Questions:

• What achievements were made during the middle kingdom?

• How were the Hyksos able to conquer Lower Egypt?

2181 B.C. - The end of the Old Kingdom

• Reason 1: Egypt falls into a civil war.

• Reason 2: Drought and famine plague the land.

• Reason 3: Egyptian nobels fight for power

2040 B.C. - The rise of the New Kingdom

• Egypt reunites. Yay!

• A time of stability and growth begins.

• Dynasty 12 is considered the high point of this time.

Multiple Select

Which of the following lead to the end of the old kingdom? (Choose 3)

• civil war

• famine and drought

• Mesopotamia invaded Egypt

• nobles fought for power

Dynasty 12 (Amenemhet)

• Conquered northern Nubia (Sudan)

• Set up chain forts and built the Wall of the Prince to protect the Nile Delta.

• Built more irrigation channels to secure food and water.

• Built temples and pyramids.

• Made advancements in art (wall-painting and jewelry)

• Wrote the first pieces of Egyptian literature.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is NOT an advancement made during Dynasty 12?

• literature

• temples and pyramids

• protection

• religion

Trade

• There was an increase in trade during the Middle Kingdom.

• Egypt was rich in grains, minerals and semi-precious stones.

• Egypt lacked wood and copper

• Whether by land or sea, trading could be dangerous!

• Land: Caravans moved slowly, faced robbers and sandstorms.

• Sea: Pirates and strong winds

Multiple Select

Which of the following resources did Egypt lack, leading to their increase in trade during the Middle Kingdom? (choose 2)

• grains

• wood

• semi-precious stones

• copper

Multiple Select

Egypt had plenty of ________, ________, and __________ to trade. (Choose 3)

• sheep

• minerals

• grain

• semi-precious stones

Poll

If you were living in ancient Egypt, would you rather trade by sea or by land?

• Sea

• Land

Dynasty 13

• Over 70 kings ruled during this time

• Egypt remained united, but the government was weak.

• The Hyksos came over from southeast Asia and settled in the Nile Delta and tore Egypt apart.

• Hyksos means "rulers of foreign lands"

How did the Hyksos do it?

• They had superior military technology

• They had horse-drawn chariots (Egyptians had never seen horses before!)

• They wore body armor

• They used a special kind of bow

• The Egyptians were on foot without body armor...yikes

More on the Hyksos

• Besides superior weapons, the Hyksos introduced upright looms, and new musical instruments and they expanded trade routes.

• In return, they began worshipping Egyptian gods and learned hieroglyphs.

Multiple Choice

The Hyksos conquered which part of Egypt? (Think: where is the Nile Delta?)

• Lower

• Upper

Multiple Select

Which of the following military technologies did the Hyksos introduce to Egypt? (Choose 3)

• horse-drawn chariots

• body armor

• javelin

• stronger bow

Open Ended

In the mid-1500s B.C., Egyptian rulers declared war on the Hyksos and regained power of Lower Egypt. What do you think the Egyptians learned from the Hyksos that would have made this possible?

Let's Review!

• What achievements were made during the middle kingdom?

• How were the Hyksos able to conquer Lower Egypt?