Short answer review

Short answer review

The Gettysburg Address

• commemorate the turning point of the war and the soldiers whose sacrifices had made it possible

• a speech by Abraham Lincoln dedicating the military cemetery at Gettysburg on November 19, 1863 

Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

It is for us the living . . . to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth. —Abraham Lincoln, Gettysburg Address, November 19, 1863

Think about it... what makes this speech so special?

So what's so special?

Significance of

• The speech emphasized healing

• It promoted patriotism

• It prompted the living to honor the dead by fighting for the ideas they sacrificed their lives to on that field

Continued

• It reminds the people to fight not just for the Union but the equality of all men.

• It references the ideas of the Founding Fathers to reinforce the point of equality

John Brown

Who is John Brown?

• a strict, God-fearing Calvinist and staunch abolitionist, once remarked that “God had raised him up on purpose to break the jaws of the wicked.” 

• In October 1859, the radical abolitionist John Brown and eighteen armed men, both blacks and whites, attacked the federal arsenal in Harpers Ferry, Virginia. They hoped to capture the weapons there and distribute them among slaves to begin a massive uprising that would bring an end to slavery

John Brown continued

• He  demonstrated during the 1856 Pottawatomie attack in Kansas that he had no patience for the nonviolent approach preached by pacifist abolitionists like William Lloyd Garrison.

• slavery appeared an unacceptable evil that must be purged from the land, and like his Puritan forebears, he believed in using the sword to defeat the ungodly

Terrorists:

a person who uses unlawful violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

John Brown, terrorist?

• the Pottawatomie raid in the Kansas Territory in 1856 and his raid on Harpers Ferry, Virginia (now West Virginia) in 1859.

• Both of these included violence and death

• For the southerners, Brown was their nightmare and the greatest threat to slavery

• https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2011/spring/brown.html#:~:text=For%20abolitionists%20and%20antislavery%20activists,for%20him%20in%20the%20region.

John Brown, hero?

• He was a harbinger of the end of slavery

• For antislavery activists, he emerged as a hero

• He might be seen as revolutionary, trying to start a revolution to end slavery and fulfill the goals of the Declaration of Independence.

• https://www.archives.gov/publications/prologue/2011/spring/brown.html#:~:text=For%20abolitionists%20and%20antislavery%20activists,for%20him%20in%20the%20region.

Do you think John Brown was a terrorists?

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