5.3 Solid

5.3 Solid

let's go

solid particles are arranged closely packed

particles can only vibrate and rotate at fixed position

solid has definite volume and shape

like bottle

solid is also incompressible.

kind of hard innit?

Freezing

• When the temperature of a liquid is lowered, the

  kinetic energy of the liquid particles decreases.

• A point is reached when the intermolecular forces are

  strong enough to hold the particles together in a fixed

  and orderly arrangement.

• liquid change into a solid

Melting (reverse of freezing)

• At higher temperature, particles are able to vibrate faster and more energetic.

• at its melting point, particles posses enough energy to overcome the attractive forces between them and moves freely

• solid becomes liquid

Sublimation

The process by which a substance changes directly from solid phase to gaseous phase without passing through the liquid phase.

eg: dry ice

Deposition

The process where molecules from vapour phase change directly to the solid phase without entering the liquid phase.

The opposite of the sublimation process.

Crystalline solid

• Atoms, ions or molecules

  are ordered in well-defined

  arrangements.

• Formed when a saturated

  liquid is cooled slowly.

Crystalline solid

Eg: ice, sugar, salt

Amorphous solid

• Solid whose particles have

  no orderly structure.

• Formed when a saturated

  liquid is cooled rapidly

Amorphous solid

Eg: glass, plastics, charcoal

TYPES OF CRYSTALLINE SOLID

it can be divided into 4 types

1. Ionic solid

Eg: sodium chloride a.k.a salt

2. Metallic solid

Eg: sodium metal, metal lah kecuali mercury

3. molecular covalent solid

eg: dry ice (CO₂), ice (H₂O)

4. Giant covalent solid

Eg: DIAMOND, graphite, graphene

Multiple Select

Which of these are types of solid?

• AMORPHOUS

• SOFT

• CRYSTALLINE

• INTERSTELLAR

Multiple Select

Which of these are examples of crystalline solid

• glass

• himalayan salt

• Sugar

• iron metal

Multiple Select

Which of these are NOT physical properties of solid?

• particles are arranged in closely packed arrangement

• has definite volume but not definite shape

• can be compressed

• cannot be compressed

Multiple Select

What are the examples of molecular covalent solids?

• diamond

• glass

• ice

• dry ice