Stage 22 Adverbs

Stage 22 Adverbs

Let's learn how to turn third declension adjectives into adverbs!

Multiple Choice

Let's review what we already know. In English, we can add "ly" to make an _______ into an adverb. (slow-slowly, quick-quickly)

• adjective

• verb

• adverb

• noun

Multiple Choice

In stage 21, we added ____ to the stem of a 1/2 adjective to make it an adverb:

• e

• ē

• te

• le

Adding "ē" to the stem-

1st/2nd declension adjectives only!

• laetus, a, um --> laetē

• iratus, a, um --> iratē

• pulcher, pulchra, pulchrum --> pulchrē

• lentus, a, um --> lentē

• fessus, a, um --> fessē

• sapientissimus, a, um --> sapientissmē

• fortissimus, a, um --> fortissimē

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Turn the adjective "callidus, a, um" into the adverb meaning "cleverly"

This pattern only works with 1/2 declension adjectives ending in "us, a, um" or "er, a, um." THIRD DECLENSION adjectives form their adverbs differently.

Multiple Select

Choose ALL of the third declension adjectives:

• omnis, is, e

• ferox, ferocis

• tutus, a, um

• sapiens, sapientis

There are several types of third declension adjectives:

• Different endings for masculine, feminine, and neuter

  (acer, acris, acre)- pretty rare

• One ending for masculine/feminine; one ending for neuter (is, is, e) suavis, is, e omnis, is, e

• One ending for all three genders ferox (gen ferocis) sapiens (gen sapientis)

To form an adverb from a third declension adjective, add "iter" to the STEM

• 3rd declension adjectives often have stem changes:

• stem of "ferox, ferocis" is "feroc"

• stem of "audax, audacis" is "audac"

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Change the adjective fortis, is, e into the adverb meaning "bravely"

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Change "gravis, is, e" to the adverbial form meaning "heavily, seriously"

Important exception: third declension adjectives ending in "ns, ntis"

• Add "er" to the nt

• diligens, diligentis- diligenter

• neglegens, neglegentis- neglegenter

• potens, potentis- potenter

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Translate the adverb "suaviter"

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Change "celer, celeris" into the adverb meaning quickly:

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Change "crudelis, is, e" into the adverb meaning "cruelly, savagely"

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Change "sapiens, sapientis" into the adverb meaning "wisely, intelligently"

Multiple Choice

Choose the adverb that is NOT DEFINED correctly:

• fideliter- bravely

• feliciter- fortunately

• fortiter- bravely

• liberaliter- generously

Some irregular adverbs:

• bonus, a, um --> bene (well)

• magnus, a, um --> magnopere (greatly)

• multus, a, um --> multum (much)

• facilis, is, e --> facile (easily)

Open Ended

What is the general rule for forming an adverb from a third declension adjective?