Rock Transformations Mini Review

Rock Transformations and Plate Motion Mini Review

Multiple Choice

What is sediment?

• the process of rocks being broken down and carried away

• bits of rock, sand, and silt caused by the weathering of rocks

• the top layer of the soil

• decaying plant or animal material

Multiple Choice

_____________________ happens when rocks on Earth's surface break apart or change without moving anywhere.

• Erosion

• Weathering

• Deposition

Multiple Choice

The process of breaking up Earth's surface into sediment is called...

• sediment

• erosion

• weathering

• deposition

Multiple Choice

On the island of Hawaii, Paul notices that the sand on the beach is black, the same color as the rock formations on the island. Paul realizes the sand used to be part of the rock formations. How did material from the rock formations turn into sand?

• Rays from the sun shone down on the rock, and it broke into pieces.

• If anything were left out for a long time, it would break into small pieces.

• The sand was formed by earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters. These disasters were strong enough to break the rock into small pieces.

• Wind and rain interacted with the rock, breaking it into small pieces.

Rock Formation Review

So you want to be a rock star?!

Key Idea

• There are 3 main rock types: Igneous, Sedimentary, and Metamorphic.

• Each rock type is different because they form in different ways.

Multiple Select

What are the 3 main rock types? (Choose 3 answers!)

• Igneous

• Mineral

• Metamorphic

• Sedimentary

Multiple Choice

Based on the information are rocks A and B the same or different? Rock A formed from small pieces of rock, Rock B formed from liquid rock in a different place, and Rocks A and B formed at the same time

• The same type because they both formed from rock material

• The same type because they formed at the same time

• Different types because they formed in different ways.

• Different types because they formed in different places.

Multiple Choice

Geologists in Egypt and Ethiopia are comparing rock samples from rocks found in the two countries. They are sharing information about the rocks to figure out whether they are the same or different types of rock. The information is as follows:

-Rock A formed from small pieces of rock.

-Rock B formed from liquid rock in a different place.

-Rocks A and B formed at about the same time.

Are Rocks A and B the same or different types of rock?

The rocks are....

• different types because they formed in different ways.

• different types because they formed in different places.

• the same type because they both formed from rock material.

• the same type because they formed at the same time.

Multiple Choice

Could the material for igneous rock come from sedimentary rock?

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is exposed to energy from the sun at Earth's surface for a long time, it can melt into liquid rock and form igneous rock.

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is moved below Earth's outer layer and exposed to energy from Earth's interior, it can melt into liquid rock and form igneous rock.

• No, igneous rock can only form from other igneous rock. Sedimentary rock cannot change into igneous rock.

• No, igneous rock forms under Earth's outer layer due to energy from Earth's interior, but sedimentary rock only forms at Earth's surface.

Multiple Choice

What is weathering?

• The process by which all the rock formations of a region are pushed up due to plate motion

• The process by which rock material moves under Earth's outer layer and into the mantle due to plate motion

• The process of rock breaking down into smaller pieces due to wind or moving water

• The movement of sediment from one place to another, often caused by wind or flowing water

Sedimentary Rock Formation

WEDCC Repeat

Sedimentary Rock Formation

• Rocks are weathered into sediments by wind, water, or ice.

• Sediments are tiny pieces of rock and sand.

• Sediments are then eroded (carried away) and deposited (dropped) into a body of water.

• Over millions of years, sediments are compacted (squeezed) and cemented (glued) to form a layer of sedimentary rock.

Multiple Choice

Which rock type forms when sediment is pressed and glued together?

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

Which process creates a sedimentary rock?

• Cooling below the surface

• Compaction and cementation

• Cooling above the surface

• Melting

Igneous Rock Formation

Melting and Cooling

Igneous Rock Formation

• Igneous rocks forms when molten rock (magma or lava) cools down and solidifies (hardens) into solid rock.

• When any rock type is buried underground (subduction) it can become igneous rock when it is melted from the Earth's heat.

• Once melted rock cools down it becomes igneous rock.

Multiple Choice

The process by which igneous rocks are formed...

• heat and pressure deep underneath earth's surface
• melting and cooling of magma
• compaction and cementation of sediments

Multiple Choice

A type of rock that forms from the cooling of molten rock at or below the surface of the earth

• Igneous Rock
• Metamorphic Rock
• Sedimentary Rock
• chemical Rock

Multiple Choice

Which type of rock is formed from the solidification of magma or lava?

• igneous

• sedimentary

• metamorphic

• bioclastic

Metamorphic Rock Formation

Heat and Pressure

Metamorphic Rock Formation

• Metamorphic rock forms when existing rock is exposed to intense heat from Earth's interior and pressure from land or the ocean.

• ALL rocks can become metamorphic rock!

Multiple Choice

Metamorphic rocks form from ___.

• igneous rocks
• other metamorphic rocks
• sedimentary rocks
• all types of rocks

Multiple Choice

How do metamorphic rocks form?

• Heat and Pressure

• Compaction & Cementation

• Cooling of Magma

• Sediments & Glue

The Rock Cycle

So you want to be a rock star?!

The Rock Cycle

• The Rock Cycle shows that ANY rock type can become other rock types.

• Rock formation takes a LONG time (millions of years!)

• Different energy sources causes rocks to form and change in different ways.

Become Sedimentary Rock

• Any rock can become sedimentary rock if it is exposed to energy from the Sun.

• Energy from the Sun causes weathering or the breakdown of rock into sediment (tiny pieces of rock and sand).

• Over millions of years sediment is compacted and cemented to for sedimentary rock.

Become Igneous Rock

• Any rock can become igneous rock if it is buried underground (subduction) and exposed to energy from the Earth's interior

• Energy from the Earth's interior causes rocks to melt into magma (lava) also called molten rock (liquid rock).

• Lava/Magma cools down (solidifies) into solid rock.

Become Metamorphic Rock

• Any rock can become igneous rock if it is buried underground and exposed to intense heat and pressure.

• When becoming a metamorphic rock, a rock is heated to a very high temperature but it DOES NOT melt.

Multiple Choice

Bob passes by a building every day on his way to school. He notices that the rock used to build the walls of the building is different from the rock used to build the steps. How could energy have played a role in the different rock types forming?

• Energy from different sources leads to different types of rock. Energy inside Earth melts rock into liquid rock, but energy from the sun causes rock to weather into small pieces of rock.

• Energy causes different types of rock to change in different ways. Energy changes igneous rock into liquid rock and changes sedimentary rock into small pieces of rock.

• Energy caused one rock type to form, but not the other. Rock that forms because of energy is a different type of rock than rock that forms without energy.

• Energy changes rock on different continents in different ways. Each continent on Earth has different rock that might form liquid rock or small rock pieces when exposed to energy.

Multiple Choice

Which rock type is formed when magma cools and becomes solid?

• Sedimentary

• Igneous

• Metamorphic

Multiple Choice

A sedimentary rock can transform into an igneous rock.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

On a hike up a mountain, Alex sees small pieces of rock along the trail. The small pieces look like the rock that the mountain is made from. How did these small pieces of rock break off from the mountain?

• Wind and rain interacted with the rock, breaking it into small pieces.

• The small pieces of rock were formed by earthquakes, tsunamis, and other natural disasters. These disasters were strong enough to break the rock into small pieces.

• Rays from the sun shone down on the rock, and it broke into pieces.

• If anything were left out for a long time, it would break into small pieces.

Multiple Choice

Is it possible for an igneous rock formation underneath Earth's outer layer could turn into a sedimentary rock formation?

• Yes, if igneous is moved to Earth's surface and exposed to energy from the sun, it could weather into small rock pieces that could form sedimentary rock.

• Yes, energy from Earth's interior can cause igneous rock to break into small rock pieces that form sedimentary rock.

• No, sedimentary rock forms at Earth's surface because energy from the sun causes rock to weather, but igneous rock under Earth's outer layer is not exposed to energy from the sun.

• No, sedimentary rock can only form out of material from other sedimentary rock. There is no way that sedimentary rock can form from material in igneous rock.

Multiple Choice

Can material from sedimentary rock ever form igneous rock?

• No, igneous rock can only form out of other igneous rocks. Sedimentary rock cannot change into igneous rock.

• No, igneous rock forms under Earth's outer layer due to energy from Earth's interior, but sedimentary rock is only at Earth's surface.

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is exposed to energy from the sun at Earth's surface for a long enough time, it can melt into liquid rock and form igneous rock.

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is moved below Earth's outer layer and exposed to energy from Earth's interior, it can melt into liquid rock and form an igneous rock.

Multiple Choice

How can energy play a role in different rock types forming?

• Energy from different sources leads to different types of rock. Energy inside Earth melts rock into liquid rock, but energy from the sun causes rock to weather into small pieces of rock.

• Energy causes different types of rock to change in different ways. Energy changes igneous rock into liquid rock and changes sedimentary rock into small pieces of rock.

• Energy changes rock on different continents in different ways. Each continent on Earth on Earth has different rock that might form liquid rock or small pieces when exposed to energy.

• Energy caused one rock type to form, but not the other. Rock that forms because of energy is a different type of rock than rock that forms without energy.

Multiple Choice

Mary and her family go on a trip and they drive over a mountain range. Mary wonders how the rock they see as they drive over the mountain range might be different when they drive back home next week. What would you tell Mary about how the rock will change?

• The rock will probably change a lot. Rock is always changing and transforming.

• The rock is not likely to change very much. Most rock transformation processes happen very slowly.

• The rock will not change at all. Rock just stays as it is.

• The rock might change if it is the right season.

Multiple Choice

How does a metamorphic rock form?

• Rocks don't form; they stay as they are.

• It melted and cooled.

• It broke into sediment and then compacted.

• It was heated and put under pressure.

Multiple Choice

Could the material for igneous rock come from sedimentary rock?

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is exposed to energy from the sun at Earth's surface for a long time, it can melt into liquid rock and form igneous rock.

• Yes, if sedimentary rock is moved below Earth's outer layer and exposed to energy from Earth's interior, it can melt into liquid rock and form igneous rock.

• No, igneous rock can only form from other igneous rock. Sedimentary rock cannot change into igneous rock.

• No, igneous rock forms under Earth's outer layer due to energy from Earth's interior, but sedimentary rock only forms at Earth's surface.