Atoms to Matter with Convection Currents

Atoms

make matter

To understand why deserts exist

you must first learn what they (and everything) are made of:

Energy and Matter.

Today we look at matter.

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Microscopes

• let us see small things

• let us see large things

• make things look bigger

• make things look smaller

An atom is the smallest matter in the universe.

Special microscopes are need to see atoms.

For example, the Electron and Scanning Tunneling Microscopes

Atoms

the smallest particle

What happens when different types of atoms bond (join) together?

They make a molecule.

When different types of atoms combine, they form molecules.

Hydrogen and oxygen atoms can make a water molecule.

Many molecules make matter.

Many H₂O molecules, make water that we can see and measure.

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Matter is

• water

• plants

• gas/vapor

• animals

• made of atoms

Multiple Choice

Which is the smallest?

• molecule

• atom

• matter

Poll

Atoms combine to make molecules.

• True

• False

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Atoms

• make everything with mass and volume

• can be seen with just our eyes and with microscopes

• make molecules and molecules make matter

Water is a molecule. It is made of 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom.

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Molecules are

• 2 or more atoms

• the tiniest particle we know

• animals that live underground

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Water is a molecule made of

• two oxygen atoms and one hydrogen atom

• two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

Water=2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

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Do molecules move?

• Yes

• No

Why do some molecules move fast and others don't?

Because they want to? ;)

The speed of molecules depend on the amount of thermal energy they have.

Hot-fast. Cold-slow

Poll

How do molecules respond to increased heat?

• They move faster

• They move slower

Cold molecules move slowly. Hot molecules move fast.

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Expand means

• get smaller

• get bigger

Poll

Why does the liquid in a thermometer move down when it's cold?

• molecules move faster in the cold

• molecules move slower in the cold

• molecules expand when cold

• Molecules contract when cold

contraction (cold) expansion (hot)

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Why does the liquid in a thermometer move up when it's hot?

• molecules move slower when hot

• molecules move faster when hot

• molecules contract when hot

• molecules expand when hot

Multiple Choice

In a convection current, heat __________.

• sinks

• fills in empty space

• mostly moves left to right

• rises

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Hot air

• rises

• falls

• moves slowly

• is very dense

How does a lava lamp work?

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What is convection?

• Cold rises. Hot sinks.

• It explains why the floor is colder than the ceiling.

• Heat rises. Cold Sinks.

• It explains why we have water molecules.

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The Hadley cell

• is a convection cell

• explains why we have deserts

• explains why we have rain forests

• rises at the equator

• sinks (falls) about 30 degrees north and south of the equator