Grammar Lesson Unit 7

Grammar Lesson Unit 7

Infinitives (to+ infinitive/ without to)

Gerund - ing

What's infinitive?

Infinitive /ɪnˈfɪnɪtɪv/

noun

the basic form of a verb, without an inflection binding it to a particular subject or tense

e.g. : see 

1. we came to see

2. let him see ).

*maksudnya, ini kata kerja yang tiada perubahan berlaku padanya. Bergabung dengan perkataan "to", kita boleh tulis dua kata kerja dalam satu ayat.

Contoh: I am going to see her tomorrow.

When to use the word "to+infinitive"?

• 1. to express purpose: He called to wish me Happy Birthday.

• 2. with too and enough: The soup is too hot to eat. / Tom isn't experienced enough to do that job

• 3. after certain adjectives (afraid, surprised, free, happy, ready, sorry): At last he was free to do what he wanted.

When to use the word "to+infinitive"?

• 4. after certain verbs (afford, agree, appear, arrange, choose, decide, forget, hope, learn, manage, need, offer, plan, pretend, promise, refuse, seem, tend, try, want, would like, would love. etc)

• For example: Laura needs to buy a new car.

• 5. After verbs followed by a question word (who, what, which, where, how,....... BUT NOT WHY. Never with WHY.)

• For Example: Have you decided where to go for your holidays?

Infinitive without TO

1. After modal verbs (can, could, will, would, should, may, might, must)

for example:

Can you tell me her name?

No, I should not give a stranger my friend's name.

Can you to tell me her name? X

No, I should not to tell you her name. X

*modal verb adalah untuk express necessity atau possibility bagi suatu kerja. Maka ia perlu bergabung dengan kata kerja infinitive untuk memberi gambaran yang jelas. Tetapi tidak perlu perkataan "TO".

Infinitive without TO

2. After the verbs let and make.

for example:

Let me take you to the clinic.

Siti always makes me laugh.

3. After would rather and had better

for example:

a. I would rather go to the cinema than the zoo.

b. Jill had better tell the teacher the truth.

GERUND (-ing)

• We used gerunds (verb with ing form) as NOUNS.

• 1. as subjects : Singing is my hobby.

• 2. after certain verbs (like, love, hate, enjoy prefer, consider, continue, stop, finish, start, keep, avoid, begin, imagine, practise, suggest, risk, spend (time) etc)

• For example: Ken just finished washing the car.

GERUND (-ing)

• 3. After certain expressions (don't mind, can't stand, be interested in, it's worth, how about, can't help, feel like, there's no point in, it's no use, it's no good, be/get used to, etc.)

• for example:

• 1. Ali doesn't mind doing the house chores for his mother.

• 2. Louis is interested in taking up a language course.

• 3. There is no point in arguing about the past.

GERUND (-ing)

• 4. after prepositions ( for, of, about, without etc)

• for example: That knife is for cutting meat, not cheese.

• 5. After the verb go to indicate physical activities.

• for example: We go skiing every year.

Multiple Choice

1. Roger was very happy _________(see) his friends after the holidays.

• to see

• seeing

• sees

Multiple Choice

2. My brother's angry at me. I promised ________ (help) him with a project, but in the end I couldn't make it and I forgot _______ (call) home ________ (say) I'd be late.

• to help, to call, to say

• help, call, say

• to help, to call, saying

Multiple Choice

3. I don't mind ______ (stay) alone at home during the day, but I can't stand _______ (be) alone in the house at night.

• to stay, being

• staying, to be

• staying, being

• to stay, to be

Multiple Choice

4. What would you like me ______ (do) after I have finished _____ (feed) the animals?

• to do, to feed

• do, feed

• do, feeding

• to do, feeding

Multiple Choice

5. There's no point in ______ (run) for the bus. It has already left.

• running

• to run

• run

Multiple Choice

6. Fay thinks she must _____ (lose) some weight so she's considering _____ (go) on a diet.

• losing, going

• lose, go

• lose, going