Unit 6 Test Review

Unit 6 Test Review

Evolution

Evolution - Decent with modification

• Divergent Evolution - when two species evolve from an ancestor species, becoming increasingly different and better adapted to their own unique environment

• Convergent Evolution - When two separate species begin to share analogous traits because of shared environments

• Coevolution - When one species evolves in response to the evolution of another species

Natural Selection

A mechanism of evolution

Act on the phenotypes of organisms

Selects for adaptations (traits) that give organisms a reproductive advantage

Requirements for Natural Selection

• Genetic Variation

• Heritability

• Overproduction/Competition

• Reproductive advatage

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the changes in the shape of the beak in a species of bird over a period of 300 years. Which best explains the change shown?

• Mutations caused the birds to find new food

• Short-beaked birds cannot find food

• Birds with long beaks had greater reproductive success

• Long-beaked birds catch more insects

Multiple Choice

A trait that allows organisms to survive and reproduce better than others without the trait, in a specific environment, is a(n)

• selection

• adaptation

• accommodation

• variation

Multiple Choice

Natural selection cannot occur without

• gradual warming of Earth

• genetic variation in species

• asexual reproduction

• competition for unlimited resources

Multiple Choice

What type of selection?

• Directional

• Disruptive

• Stabilizing

Multiple Choice

What type of selection?

• Directional

• Stabilizing

• Disruptive

Multiple Choice

What type of selection?

• Stabilizing

• Disruptive

• Directional

Gene Pool

All the genes of all memebers of a particular population

Genetic Drift

• Causes changes in the gene pool

• Completely random

• Decreases variation

• Bottleneck effect and Founder effect

Bottleneck Effect

Result of natural occurrences

Surviving population less genetic variation

Gene pool divergent from the original

Founder Effect

Small group breaks away from a larger population to colonize a new territory

Decreases genetic variation

Multiple Choice

In genetic drift, allele frequencies in a gene pool change because of

• genetic equilibrium

• chance events

• natural selection

• mutations

Multiple Choice

Five hundred years after the deer had established a flourishing population in the park, a few of them venture back to their original woods and have babies with the deer there.

• Genetic Drift
• Mutations
• Non-random mating
• Gene flow

Multiple Choice

A few deer wander out of their native woods into a completely new park where no deer had ever been before. They go on to create an entirely new population.

• Founder effect

• Natural Selection

• Bottle-neck effect

• Mutation

Multiple Choice

A wildfire comes into an area of 300 trees and destroys all but 10 of them. Eventually, the 10 trees will reproduce and create more trees. What is this situation an example of?

• behavioral isolation

• bottleneck effect

• founder effect

• temporal isolation

Speciation

• Allopatric speciation (geographic isolation)

• Caused by populations being separated by a geographic barrier so they do not interbreed

• Sympatric speciation (reproductive isolation)

• Caused by non-geographic separation of a species that prevents interbreeding

Multiple Choice

The emergence of a mountain range is an event that would lead to _______________ speciation

• Allopatric

• Sympatric

• Temporal

• Behavioral

Multiple Choice

when the organism develops different courtship rituals which do not attract main population this is a part of ____________ speciation.

• Allopatric

• Sympatric

• Simple

• Temporal

Multiple Choice

Orcas occur in the same habitat but some are avoiding each other and do not interbreed. They have different diets, vocal behavior, and social structures. What type of speciation is this?

• Allopatric

• Sympatric

• Complex

• Convergent

Multiple Choice

A new river forms and splits two populations, causing ______________ speciation

• Sympatric

• Allopatric

• Extreme

• Convergent

Multiple Choice

A flash flood carried a raft of Amazon ants away from their original population. There is enough distance between the two groups, that they will never meet in nature again. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

• behavioral isolation

• temporal isolation

• gametic isolation

• geographic isolation

Multiple Choice

What type of isolation has occurred in the image?

• Geographic isolation

• Temporal isolation

• Behavioral isolation

Multiple Choice

If a population becomes isolated from other populations of the same species and then genetic differences start to occur, what happens?

• Competition

• Extinction

• Speciation

• Fossils form