E4 past paper practice

E4 past paper practice

2018 DSE

 $\left(a\right)\left(i\right)\ \left[production\ operation\ne production\ mode\right]$  

Open Ended

(a)(i) Describe the characteristics of the production operation shown in Figure 4a.

characteristics of the production operation

• The production operation is called front end shop, backyard factory

• They are complementary in nature

• By utilizing advantages between Hong Kong and Shenzhen

• manufacturing and assembling are carried out in SZ

• While management and marketing are carried out in HK

• components/raw materials/design are provided from HK to SZ

• finished product from SZ are exported via HK

(a)(ii) Explain why this production operation occurred in the 1980s.

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Explain why this production operation occurred in the 1980s. (4 marks)

(b)(i) Describe the changes in major types of industry in SZ in the 1980s and 2000s. (2 marks)

Reasons [pull factors of SZ (for setting up backyard factory) favorable factor in HK for export and headquarters)]

• low labour cost in SZ (29 times lower than HK]

• lower land rent in S (11.25 times lower than HK)

• more economic incentives in special economic zone (e.g. tax concession)

• well-developed business environment in HK [non-intervention]

• better infrastructure in HK

• well-development government policy (e.g. legal system) for export

Open Ended

(b)(i) Describe the changes in major types of industry in SZ in the 1980s and 2000s. (2 marks)

Major types of industry

• A shift from traditional manufacturing / low tech industry

• to high tech industry

• from labour-intensive industry

• to capital-intensive / high value-added industry

Open Ended

(b)(ii) Explain the changes. (4 marks)

Explanation

• working population has reduced by 22.7% / less workforce engaged in manufacturing / labour shortage

• higher labour cost (increased by appro. 1.4 times)

• Higher land rent (increased by more than 2 times)

• This has reduced the competitiveness of labour-intensive industry

• There is government encouragement on high-tech development and R&D / the policy of emptying the cage for the new bird

• strict government control on polluting industries

Poll

(c) Discuss whether the branding strategy may help to sustain the manufacturing industry in SZ under the rising cost of production. (4 marks)

• branding strategy may help

• branding strategy may not help

Branding may help to sustain in the industry because

• it can increase the competitiveness of products

• It can ensure a better quality

• it can sell at a higher price / it is of higher value

• it promotes new designs / products

• it can make more profit

• there is also large domestic market / overseas markets

• there is government support as it is a type of high value-added industry

The sustainability may be affected by ..

• the scale of enterprise [ e.g. quite difficult for small-medium size firms to carry out branding strategies]

• as there is a lack of technical support

2014 DSE

farming

Open Ended

(a)(i) Question: What the X-axis should be?

Draw a line graph to show the changes in the area of cultivated land, production of staple crops, production of fruit and production of vegetables in Dongguan from 1990 to 2010.

Open Ended

(a)(i) Question: What the Y-axis should be?

Draw a line graph to show the changes in the area of cultivated land, production of staple crops, production of fruit and production of vegetables in Dongguan from 1990 to 2010.

Open Ended

(a)(i) Question: How to present the 4 lines so that readers can read them easily?

Draw a line graph to show the changes in the area of cultivated land, production of staple crops, production of fruit and production of vegetables in Dongguan from 1990 to 2010.

(a)(ii) Describe and explain the changes. (5 marks)

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Describe the changes first. (2 marks)

Describe the changes

• area of cultivated land, production of staple crop and fruit dropped since 1990

• production of vegetables increased more than 213 thousand tonnes / 47% from 1990 to 2000 but decreased since 2000

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Explain the changes.

1. The area of cultivated land dropped because....

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Explain the changes.

1. The area of cultivated land dropped because there is keen competition on land / rapid urbanization and industrialization. Bidding power / Bid-rent ability of cultivation is lower.

2. The production of vegetables increased from 1990 to 2000 because ...

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Explain the changes.

1. The area of cultivated land dropped because there is keen competition on land / rapid urbanization and industrialization. Bidding power / Bid-rent ability of cultivation is lower.

2. The production of vegetables increased from 1990 to 2000 because the living standard of people has become higher. They have greater demand on perishable farm produces.

3. However, it dropped since 2000 because ...

(a)(ii) Explain the changes.

• 1. The area of cultivated land dropped because there is keen competition on land / rapid urbanization and industrialization. Bidding power / Bid-rent ability of cultivation is lower.

• 2. The production of vegetables increased from 1990 to 2000 because the living standard of people has become higher. They have greater demand on perishable farm produces.

• 3. However, it dropped since 2000 because there is competition from imported farm produces, e.g. vegetables, fruits and staple crop

(b)(i) Compare the human inputs on the farming system.

Open Ended

What are some of the human inputs that are shown in the photos which can be used for comparison?

Human inputs for comparison

• energy input

• technology

• labour

• capital

• chemicals used

Open Ended

(b)(ii) Explain the advantages of the present farming system. (Greenhouse) (3 marks)

Greenhouse (Advantages)

• cultivation is carried out in a controlled environment, less affected by extreme physical factors

• both quality and quantity of crops guaranteed

• lengthen growing season

• less labour is required, save labour cost

• less waste is caused by pests and insects

Open Ended

(b)(iii) Explain why not all farms in the ZDR adopt the present farming system? (3 marks)

Factors that restricted the use of technology in farming

• huge capital is required to build greenhouse

• low education level of farmers

• need skilled labour and scientific management to run the farms [lack of technological know-how]

• large pieces of flatland is required

2013 DSE

industry

(a) Refer to Figure 4a. Describe the locational advantages of industrial development in Guangzhou. Support your answer with map evidence. (2+2 marks)

Open Ended

(a) Refer to Figure 4a. Describe the locational advantages of industrial development in Guangzhou. Support your answer with map evidence. (2+2 marks)

Locational advantages of industrial development

• high accessibility --> well-connected transport network, e.g served by railways, ports and airports

• convenient for import and export activities--> well-connected transport network, e.g served by railways, ports and airports

• easy access to labour --> many major cities nearby, e.g. Foshan and Dongguan

• can obtain financial / professional services easily --> near to HK and Macau

Open Ended

(a)(ii) Explain why certain industries (Petroleum and chemicals, textiles and garment, food and beverages) are declining in importance. (5 marks)

Declining industries, e.g. textiles and garment, petroleum and chemicals

• labour shortage / rising labour cost

• keen land use competition / rising land rent

• discouraging low value-added industries

• polluting industries (cause pollution problems)

• Govt has tightened pollution control

• polluting industries relocate / green industries are encouraged (emptying the cage and let the right bird in)

(b) Account for the characteristics of the urban landscapes in GDD. (4 marks)

Open Ended

(b) DESCRIBE the characteristics of the urban landscapes in GDD. (2 marks)

The characteristics of the urban landscape (IT industrial landscape)

• well-planned land use pattern

• wide roads

• spacious / pleasant environment / green areas

• nice-designed buildings

Open Ended

(b) Explain why the environment is pleasant, roads are wide with well-planned lad use and nice-designed buildings. (2 marks)

The characteristics of the urban landscape (IT industrial landscape)

• well-planned land use pattern

• wide roads

• spacious / pleasant envrionment / green areas

• nice-designed buildings

• because this can attract skilled / technical personnel

• favourable for research and development

Open Ended

(c)(i) Discuss the socio-economic impacts of the decline and relocation of textile/garment industries. [Good or bad impacts?] (3 marks)

Socio-economic impacts brought to GDD when industries move away (negative impacts)

• job loses

• unemployment of unskilled labour

• social unrest

• drain away capital / less investment

• 
  

• 
  

Open Ended

(c)(i) Discuss the socio-economic impacts of GDD development. [good or bad impacts?

Socio-economic impacts brought to GDD with the latest GDD development (positive impacts)

• higher productivity / high value-added production

• higher income / higher living standard

• pleasant living environment

• better city image

• attract investment

• attract well-educated personnel

• diversified society

2012 DSE, 2017 DSE

impacts of pollution problems

(b)(i) Describe and explain the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Fill in the Blanks

(b)(i) Refer to Figure 4a and Table 4b.

Describe the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Answer: The water quality of Dongguan is

than Zhaoqing.

Fill in the Blanks

(b)(i) Refer to Figure 4a and Table 4b.

Describe the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Answer: The water quality of Dongguan is worse than Zhaoqing.

It is because the

of Dongguan is higher. Thus, produces greater amount of sewage entering rivers.

Fill in the Blanks

(b)(i) Refer to Figure 4a and Table 4b.

Describe the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Answer: The water quality of Dongguan is worse than Zhaoqing.

It is because the population of Dongguan is higher. Thus, produces greater amount of sewage entering rivers.

Water consumption in Zhaoqing mainly from

. Thus, less serious pollution.

Fill in the Blanks

(b)(i) Refer to Figure 4a and Table 4b.

Describe the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Answer: The water quality of Dongguan is worse than Zhaoqing.

It is because the population of Dongguan is higher. Thus, produces greater amount of sewage entering rivers.

Water consumption in Zhaoqing mainly from farming. Thus, less serious pollution.

Water consumption in Dongguan mainly from ________ and ________. Thus, more serious pollution.

Fill in the Blanks

(b)(i) Refer to Figure 4a and Table 4b.

Describe the differences in river water quality between Zhaoqing and Dongguan.

Answer: The water quality of Dongguan is worse than Zhaoqing.

It is because the population of Dongguan is higher. Thus, produces greater amount of sewage entering rivers.

Water consumption in Zhaoqing mainly from farming. Thus, less serious pollution.

Water consumption in Dongguan mainly from industry and domestic uses. Thus, more serious pollution.

Zhaoqing is located at the upper course of the river, while Dongguan is at

of river tributaries, leading to accumulation of pollutants.

Open Ended

(b)(ii) What are the socio-economic inpact brought about by the river water quality mentioned above? (4 marks)

Open Ended

Any positive impacts to Zhaoqing with better water quality?

2020 DSE

a(i) Compare the changes in different air pollution indicators in the ZDR from 2006 to 2018. (3 marks)

Open Ended

a(i) Compare the changes in different air pollution indicators in the ZDR from 2006 to 2018. (3 marks)

​Changes in air pollution indicators.

​1. All three air pollution indicators decrease steadily below the national standard

​2. The amount of nitrogen dioxide and RSP was higher than national standard from 2006 to 2010 but dropped below national standard from 2012-2018.

​3. The decrease in SO2 is the most prominent.

​4. The pH value of rainwater is improving

Open Ended

(ii) Describe the changes in the fuel consumption pattern in the ZDR from 2006 to 2018 as shown in Figure 4b.

​The changes in the fuel consumption

​1. share of coal has decreased

​2. The share of oil / natural gas has increased

​3. increasing importance of HEP, nuclear and renewable energy

​4. However, the share of fossil fuels is still the largest

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

​The changes in acid rain and fuel consumption

1. share of coal has decreased

​2. The share of oil / natural gas has increased

​3. increasing importance of HEP, nuclear and renewable energy

​4. However, the share of fossil fuels is still the largest

​

​ Why 1-4 results in the improvement in pH value?

​

​

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater pH has increased and is approaching

(pH7) from 2016 onwards.

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater acidity has increased and is approaching neutral (pH7) from 2016 onward.

It is because the consumption of

has reduced.

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater acidity has increased and is approaching normal (pH7) from 2016 onwards.

It is because the consumption of coal has reduced.

This has reduced the emission of

. (spell the words)

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater acidity has increased and is approaching normal (pH7) from 2016 onwards.

It is because the consumption of coal has reduced.

This has reduced the emission of SO2 and NO2.

The use of other resources, e.g. HEP and wind has

.

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater acidity has increased and is approaching normal (pH7) from 2016 onwards.

It is because the consumption of coal has reduced.

This has reduced the emission of SO2 and NO2.

The use of other resources, e.g. HEP and wind has increased. There is ZERO emission of air pollutants from

energy resources.

Fill in the Blanks

(iv) Explain the condition of acid rain in the Zhujiang Delta Region from 2006 to 2018 with reference to the changes in fuel consumption pattern. (4 marks)

The rainwater acidity has increased and is approaching normal (pH7) from 2016 onwards.

It is because the consumption of coal has reduced.

This has reduced the emission of SO2 and NO2.

The use of other resources, e.g. HEP and wind has increased. There is ZERO emission of air pollutants from renewable energy resources.

Thus, less air pollutants

in rain. Rainwater acidity becomes lowered.

Multiple Select

(iii) Account for the relationship between the types of industry and the air quality in the ZDR. (4 marks)

Step 1: Read Table 4c. Which of the following industries have declined recently?

• Textile

• plastic

• metal smelting

• machinery

• automobile

Open Ended

How does the decline in textile, plastic and metal affect the air quality?

​Textile, plastics and metal smelting

​These are highly polluting industry

​The technology used are relatively lower, thus, producing more pollutants

​e.g. metal smelting involves the use of blast furnaces

​

​Thus, the pollution level was higher in 2006.

While computer, communication and electric equipment manufacturing

​These are less polluting industries

​Use mainly electricity generated by cleaner energy

​

​Thus, the pollution level was lower in 2018 with the increasing share of computer, communication and electric equipment manufacturing.

​2019 DSE

Farming​

​(c) Identify the modern farming method.

Open Ended

​(c) Identify the modern farming method.

​(ci) This is hydroponics.

​How does it relate to the changes in farming characteristics in the ZDR?

​Refer to Table 4c. Identify the

​following changes.

​i. area of cultivated land

​ii. number of agricultural technicians

Fill in the Blanks

ci/ The area of cultivated land has

.

Open Ended

ci/ What is the characteristics of hydroponics? Why it is related to the decreased in cultivated land in ZDR?

​hydroponics can help sustain agricultural development in ZDR because ..

• It is less space-demanding. Crops can be grown vertically.

• ​This can compensate the loss of farmland and better utilize land resources / maximize the use of space/land

Fill in the Blanks

ci/ The no. of technicians has

.

​hydroponics can help sustain agricultural development in ZDR because ..

• Higher quality output + higher yield

• ​since crops are grown in a more controlled environment

• temperature, moisture supply, nutrients are all carefully calculated and applied to crops

• ​it is a kind of scientific farming method

• ​

​Other characteristics / advantages

• ​Conserve water and soil: It uses 1/10 of the water necessary to grow the crop in conventional farm. Thus, environmental pollution that caused can be minimized.

• ​They can limit disease transmission since plant-to-plant contact is reduced. 

• ​Less waste caused by pests and insects since no pesticides is used.

Poll

c(ii) Discuss whether hydroponics (scientific farming method) could be widely adopted in the ZDR.

• Yes

• No

​The discussion should be about ... p.18 notes

1. do all plant species are suitable?

   1. the most common type of crop species are leafy vegetables​, can we grow rice / field crops using this method?​

2. a​re there enough financial support?

   1. the investment cost is high, do you think all farmers (both small-scale and large-scale farms) can afford? If government wants to promote this, what should be done?

3. ​​​are there enough technical support? do farmers have the knowledge and skills?

   1. ​​even if the farmers have the capital input, do they know how to operate and make the best use of the machines?

2017 DSE​

​

​Argument based on the following:

​•Illegal discharge, e.g. who? why?

•Lenient monitoring (lack of enforcement)

•Increase in population and economic activities

•Limitations of handling capacity of sewage treatment plants

•Unable to cope with increase in amount of sewage discharge

•Any other methods you think are more effective?