Introduction to Genetics

Introduction to Genetics

Multiple Choice

Why did Gregor Mendel use peas in his experiments?

• Peas grow very slowly.

• Pea reproduction cannot be controlled.

• Peas normally produce very few offspring.

• Peas have characteristics that have two forms.

Multiple Choice

During an experiment, a scientist crosses a pea plant that has purple flowers with a pea plant that has white flowers. The plants that result from this cross in the F1 generation have both purple and white flowers. What can the scientist conclude?

• White flowers are dominant over purple flowers.

• Neither purple flowers nor white flowers are dominant.

• The plants in the P generation were not true-breeding.

• All the plants in the F2 generation will have purple flowers.

Multiple Choice

In pea plants, tall plant height is dominant over short plant height. If there are 200 short plants in the F2 generation from a cross that followed Mendel’s methods, about how many plants will be tall in that generation?

• 200

• 300

• 600

• 1000

Multiple Choice

The table below summarizes the traits that Mendel examined during his experiments.

What do these characteristics all have in common?

• They are all dominant.

• They can all be easily observed.

• They are all recessive.

• They can all be applied to other plants.

Multiple Choice

The flowchart below shows the three generations of a cross between a pea plant that has yellow pods and a pea plant that has green pods. Green pods are the dominant trait. The flowchart is missing the labels that describe the traits.

In which squares should the phrase “Green pods” appear?

• A and D only

• B and E only

• A, C, and D only

• A, B, C, D, and E

Multiple Choice

Which statement best describes an understanding of genetics that would be missing without the work of Mendel?

• The DNA codes for traits would not be known.

• The protein codes for traits would not be known.

• Some alleles are dominant, and some alleles are recessive.

• Offspring receive two copies of each allele from each parent.

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes the offspring of the F1 generation when crossing a pea plant that is true breeding for green seeds with a pea plant that is true breeding for yellow seeds?

• The green trait is the dominant trait.

• The offspring will inherit one allele from each parent.

• The offspring will have both green and yellow seeds.

• Each offspring will have a unique set of alleles.

Multiple Choice

Which statement describes Mendel’s hypotheses regarding gametes?

• A gamete carries two genes for a trait.

• A gamete carries one allele for a gene.

• A gamete can carry multiple alleles for a trait.

• Some gametes are dominant and some are recessive.

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• a section of a protein that codes for DNA

• the alternate version of a trait

• the visible trait in the F1 generation

• a section of DNA that codes for a specific trait

Multiple Choice

What controls traits and inheritance?

• gametes

• nucleic acids

• proteins

• temperature

Multiple Choice

Some people have freckles, and some people do not have freckles. If a child has freckles, at least one parent has freckles. However, the child may have a sibling that does not have freckles. Which statement best describes the presence of freckles?

• Freckles are not determined by DNA

• There are two alleles for freckles

• There is no dominant allele for freckles

• Freckles are determined by two genes instead of by one

Multiple Choice

A scientist wants to examine a genetic disease in humans. The scientist hypothesizes that the disease can be treated by using gene therapy. Humans take a long time to reproduce and develop, so the scientist will have to

• give up on testing the hypothesis.

• test the hypothesis for a very long time

• develop new methods to test the hypothesis.

• find a way to make humans reproduce faster

Multiple Choice

Scientists often use fruit flies as a method to test hypotheses about human genes. Why are fruit flies advantageous in the study of human inheritance?

• They can self-pollinate

• They lack nucleic acids

• They are very different from humans

• They reproduce quickly and take up little space

Multiple Choice

Which is the best example of a hypothesis leading to new experimental methods?

• Gregor Mendel influenced the development of the theory that everything is made of cells.

• Gregor Mendel continued the genetic research of Thomas Hunt Morgan, but Mendel used pea plants.

• Thomas Hunt Morgan continued the genetic research of Gregor Mendel, but Morgan used fruit flies.

• The theory that everything is made of cells influenced Gregor Mendel in his research.

Multiple Choice

Which has the most control of traits and inheritance?

• gametes

• nucleic acids

• amino acids

• proteins

Multiple Choice

What alternate form of genes do nucleic acids have that allows them to offer variability?

• allele

• nucleotide

• codon

• chromosome

Multiple Choice

Gregor Mendel’s research formed the basis of the field of

• genetics

• dominance

• recessiveness

• selective breeding

Open Ended

Provide feedback on today's lesson.