Zander Sargeant - Unit 4 - Lesson 22

Unit 4 / Lesson 22

Zander Sargeant

Past Participles

• Past Participles are adjectives formed by adding anything but -ing to verb

• Common Endings:-ed, -d, -en, -n, -t

• This is the same verb you would use after "have"

Example:

• The finished meal was amazing

• Past Participle?

• Finished; Because it is a adjective (modifying meal) and was rooted from the verb "finish". Also it was not formed by adding -ing but adding -ed

• In addition, this adjective is the type that you would put "have" before

• Have Finished

2nd Example

• The sleeping students were bored

• Convert "sleeping" to a past participle

• Answer: Slept

• Because it is no longer used -ing, but -t, and you would put have before taught, as it still makes sense. "Have slept"

Open Ended

Convert "drive" to a PAST participle

Multiple Choice

Convert "written" to a PAST participle

• write

• wrote

• writing

• written

Past Participal Phrases

• The dog, hurried for the ball, chased it into the street.

• Past Participle? Why?

• Past Participle Phrase: "hurried for the ball"

• It is describing the noun "dog"

Past Participle Phrases

• Past Participle phrases can often be moved throughout the sentence and don't have the be next to the noun it is modifying

• The dog, hurried for the ball, chased it into the street

• Hurried for the ball, the dog chased it into the street

Past Participle Phrases

• We often use "having" to emphasize the past participle

• "Having seen the photo, I was disappointed."

• Don't see "having" and assume it is a present participle due to -ing, but look for the verb after it to see if it is a past participle

• If it is at the beginning of a sentence, a comma must come after it.

• A comma must come before the phrase, if phrase is at the end of the sentence, with the noun its modifying at the beginning of the sentence

• Example: The athlete ran across the field, inspired to break the worlds record

Multiple Select

"Having dived into the water, Pan was refreshed."

• Past Participle

• Present Participle

• Past Participle: "Refreshed"

• Past Participle: "Having dived"

Converting To Past Participle Phrase

• "The man was frozen in water. He had a painful death.'

• 1) Look for past participle: "Frozen"

• 2) Look for a "be" verb before it: Was

• 3) If both above are present, everything before the past participle can be removed and add a comma after: Frozen in water, he had a painful death

• 4) If any important subjects are before the past participle, they can be moved back to the middle of the sentence: Frozen in water, the man had a painful death

Second Example

• "Jill was removed from the gym due to her violent behavior. She received a warning."

• 1) Past Participle: Removed

• 2) "Be" verb: Was

• 3) Eliminate Everything before Removed: Removed from the gym due to her violent behavior, she received a warning

• 4) Add back important subjects: Removed from the gym due to her violent behavior, Jill received a warning

Open Ended

Convert :

"The cheetah had run for 30 seconds to reach the 700 meters mark. It was very tired after the test.

To have a past participle phrase

Multiple Choice

Convert italicized sentence to a past participial phrase:

The bird had flown really high, and flew fast under the airplane."

• Flown really high, the bird flew fast under the airplane

• The bird, which flown very high, flew fast under the airplane

• Under the airplane, the bird had flown really high and fast

Multiple Choice

What is the common word we put before a past participle to emphasize the meaning?

• Have

• Having

• Were

• Was

• Be