Social Reforms of the Progressive Era

Social Reforms of the Progressive Era

The Progressive Era

Reform movement from 1900-1920

Reform-minded people wanted to better the lives of those living in the U.S.  

Wanted to correct problems created during the Gilded Age.

They wanted “progress” in social, economic, and political areas.

Urban/Social Reform Goals of Progressive Era

- The Social Gospel Movement: Preached salvation through service to the poor

- The Settlement House Movement: Created local community centers and socials service agencies to assist new Immigrants in childcare, healthcare, and education

- The Temperance Movement: Wanted to ban the sale of alcohol. Supported Prohibition

- Women's Suffrage movement: Political movement to get women the right to vote

Economic Reform Goals of Progressivism

1. Prohibit or limit child labor

2. Improve working conditions of women

3. Establish minimum wage

4. Improve work-place safety

5. Limit working hours

6. Care for injured workers

7. Provide assistance for unemployed

Political Reform Goals of Progressivism

-Eliminate corruption in government

-Establish a more efficient and democratic form of government

-Expand government’s role as a guardian of workers and the poor

-More governmental regulation of the economy

-Expanded role of government in protecting the human welfare

Urban/Social Reform

Social Gospel Movement- Taught that to honor god, people must help others and reform society.

-Began as a response to slums, tenements, child labor, alcohol abuse, prostitution, and political corruption.

- The YMCA (Young Men's Christian Association) created libraries and gyms to help young men and children.

- The Salvation army set up nurseries and soup kitchens.

settlement HOuse Movement

Jane Addams- Hull House: Chicago, IL

- The first settlement house which offered baths, Cheap food, Child care, Job training, and health care to help the poor.

- Inspired reformers in other cities to build settlement houses to assist the poor

Temperance Movement

- Temperance reformers hoped that ending alcohol would reduce corruption, crime, assimilate immigrants.

- The Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) to fight for prohibition laws.

- Were very successful in Rural Areas of the South and West

-Eventually Helped to get the 18th Amendment passed prohibiting alcohol sales in the US (Prohibition)

Women's Rights

In most states, married women could not divorce or own property.

Women could not vote, but black, immigrant, and illiterate men could.

Women workers were paid less than men.

Women were expected to remain at home as wives and mothers .

Changing Roles for Women

The Gilded Age brought new opportunities for women and new ideas about personal rights .

Women lived independently in cities as secretaries, store clerks, telephone operators.

More girls graduated from high school and attended universities .

Women's Suffrage

Women demanded property and voting rights in 1848 at the Seneca Falls Convention.

Women were frustrated after the Civil War in when black men gained the right to vote (15th Amendment) but women did not 

In 1890, Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton formed the National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA).

By the early 1900s, most western states allowed women to vote but women in the East could not vote.

In 1920, the states ratified the 19th Amendment giving women to right to vote.

Reformers

Who were they:

White Protestant Men and Women

Middle class and native born

College Educated

Professionals: Social workers, Scholars , Politicians, Preachers, Teachers, Writers

REformers for Social Change

Carrie Nation and Frances Willard- Created the Christian Women's Temperance Union.

Jane Addams- Created Hull House, Insprired Settlement house movement

Florence Kelley- fought to create child labor laws and laws limiting women to 10 hours a day.

Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Stanton- Created the National Women Suffrage Association in 1890.

Margaret Sanger- Promoted birth control for poor and middle-class women and opened the first birth control clinic in the U.S. in 1915.

Multiple Choice

Margaret Sanger was known for

• Fighting for women in the work place.
• Promoting Prohibition.
• Pushing for Birth Control.
• Being a female bootlegger.

Multiple Choice

Banned people from making, drinking or selling alcohol

• 17th Amendment
• 18th Amendment
• 19th Amendment
• 21st Amendment

Multiple Choice

A major purpose of the Progressive movement was to

• stimulate the economy

• support government control of factory production

• encourage immigration from southern and easter Europe

• correct the economic and social abuses of industrial society

Multiple Choice

What was the Progressive Era in response to?

• Industrialization and Urbanization

• Improving race relations

• Pressure of the US becoming a world power

• Demands of post Civil War southern leaders

Multiple Choice

The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. . . . — 19th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

What was one way the constitutional amendment excerpted above helped advance the cause of gender equality?

• It gave women a greater opportunity to influence government.

• It gave women new economic rights, such as property ownership.

• It established the idea that women should contribute to all sectors of the economy.

• It contributed to a long-term decline in the number of men voting in elections.

Multiple Choice

Which of these was a major goal of Jane Addams’s Settlement House movement in Chicago?

• The founding of women’s colleges

• The introduction of prison reform

• The assimilation of immigrants

• The establishment of public libraries

Multiple Choice

Which of these contributed to the ratification of the Eighteenth Amendment?

• Veteran soldiers protesting to obtain benefits

• The growing political influence of women

• Politicians campaigning for education reform

• The growing number of workers organizing into labor unions

Multiple Choice

How did the 19th Amendment expand the democratic process?

• By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of race

• By eliminating the poll tax

• By prohibiting discrimination in voting on the basis of gender

• By lowering the voting age

Multiple Choice

What were photographs such as this one taken by Lewis Hine primarily intended to accomplish?

• Encourage leaders to make segregation in schools illegal

• Document labor conditions during an economic crisis

• Depict the evils of capitalism in communist propaganda

• Focus attention on the need for child labor reforms

Multiple Choice

Many Progressives opposed social Darwinism because it promoted the idea that

• people in lower classes were not capable of economic success
• immigration weakened national unity
• the government should take responsibility for the well-being of people
• poverty could be eradicated through increased economic regulation

Multiple Choice

Between 1860 and 1910, the U.S. population tripled in size.

This is most likely due to...

• The Baby Boom

• Immigration

• The Homestead Act

• Better Healthcare

Multiple Choice

What was an important effect of the influx of people from the country to the cities in the late nineteenth century?

• a sharp increase in college enrollment
• crowded slums and unsanitary conditions
• decline in economic growth
•  a large amount of unused farmland

Multiple Choice

The 19th-century Social Gospel Movement came about as a response to the -

• abuses of great wealth and unregulated business
•  desire of most Americans to end class distinction
•  d) emergence of militant groups such as the Black Panther Party
• demands by government to control the means of production

Multiple Choice

The campaign to stop abuse in the homes by urging people and the government to stop alcoholism was called

• Women Suffrage

• Temperance Movement

• Alcoholics Anonymous

• Fair Weather Fan

Multiple Choice

Prohibition banned the making, selling, buying, or drinking of alcohol. Which amendment made this possible?

• 17th Amendment

• 18th Amendment

• 19th Amendment

• 21st Amendment

Multiple Choice

Who founded Hull House, a settlement house for immigrants, in Chicago?

• Ida Tarbell
• Annie Oakley
• Jane Addams
• Sacajawea 

MUCKRAKERS

Investigative journalists known as muckrakers exposed corruption, poverty, health hazards, and monopolies.

Jacob Riis (Photo Journalist)

How the Other Half Lives (1890) exposed urban poverty and life in the slums

Ida Tarbell (author)

The History of Standard Oil (1904) revealed Rockefeller’s ruthless business practices and called for the break-up of large monopolies 

Thomas Nast (Cartoonist)

During the late 1800s, he pioneered the modern form of political cartoons: he attacked political corruption (especially Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall), while also creating the modern forms of "Uncle Sam" and Santa Claus.

Lincoln Steffens (Author)

In 1902, Lincoln Steffens wrote The Shame of the Cities, exposing political corruption in various cities throughout the U.S.

The book included portions about the cities of St. Louis, Philadelphia, Chicago, and New York City, among others.

It eventually helped aid the development of the commissioner plan of city government, where citizens elect heads of city departments (fire, police, sanitation) instead of just the mayor.

Multiple Choice

Cartoonist and political satirist

• Thomas Nast

• Jacob Riis

• John Muir

• Billy Sunday

Multiple Choice

He used photos to show the terrible conditions in the tenements

• Jacob Riis

• Upton Sinclair

• Booker T. Washington

• Thomas Nast

Multiple Choice

Exposed corruption through political cartoons

• Jacob Riis

• Florence Kelley

• Thomas Nast

• Lewis Hine

Multiple Choice

A "muckraker" is

• A journalist who exposed living conditions in the tenements and factories
• Someone who took bribes 
• someone who fought for women's rights
• a gardener

Multiple Choice

Journalists who exposed practices of monopolies and big business

• Gump Mushers
• Muckrakers
• Scalawags
• Dirt Diggers

Multiple Choice

1904 - Exposed corruption in city and state gov’t in his book, “The Shame of the Cities.”

• Lincoln Steffens 
• Jacob Riis 
• Upton Sinclair 
• WEB DuBois 

Multiple Choice

Photographed conditions of the urban poor in “How the Other Half Lives.” Examined the conditions of the poor in America’s cities. 

• Upton Sinclair 
• Lincoln Steffens 
• Jacob Riis 
• Frank Norris 

Multiple Choice

Wrote “History of the Standard Oil Company,” in 1902. Showed how Rockefeller’s rise was based on ruthless business practices. 

• Ida B. Wells 
• Ida Tarbell 
• Susan B. Anthony 
• Elizabeth Cady Stanton 

Upton Sinclair (Author)

Perhaps the most famous of all the muckrakers, Upton Sinclair wrote The Jungle in 1904, a book about an immigrant factory laborer who worked in the meatpacking (canning) industry.

The book exposed the disgusting and awful conditions in the factories, as well as the unsanitary traits of what went into the cans of meat and sausage.

It shocked ALOT of people, including President Roosevelt. Leading to the Pure food and Drug act and Meat inspection Acts of 1906.

Meat Inspection Act- 1906

Response to The Jungle led to the passage of the 1906 Meat Inspection Act.

This act requires all meat to be inspected before packaging by the USDA (U.S. Department of Agriculture)

The push for this law was personally led by President Roosevelt

Pure Food and Drug Act- 1906

Further response to the mislabeling of ingredients led to the passage of the 1906 Pure Food and Drug Act.

This law required proper labeling of medicines, their ingredients, and it outlawed the use of poisonous substances in their creation.

Multiple Choice

And shortly afterward . . . a physician, made the discovery that the carcasses of steers which had been condemned as tubercular by the government inspectors . . . were left upon an open platform and carted away to be sold in the city. . . . —Upton Sinclair, The Jungle, 1906

Public response to revelations such as the one in this excerpt led to the establishment of regulations that were eventually enforced by the —

• Food and Drug Administration

• Centers for Disease Control

• Department of Commerce

• Institution of Education Sciences

Multiple Choice

What was the most likely result of the publication of images such as this 1906 political cartoon?

• The government passed the Sherman Antitrust Act.

• Private companies refused to import foreign foods.

• The government passed the Pure Food and Drug Act.

• Labor unions protested unsafe working conditions.

Multiple Choice

In response to public concern over issues raised by Upton Sinclair's the Jungle, the federal government expanded its role in -

• working with labor unions to increase worker salaries

• taking responsibility for the safety of consumers

• setting limits on the growth of private industry

• implementing social welfare programs

Multiple Choice

One of the major goals of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 was to

• limit the amount of sugar in snack products.
• protect farmers from bankruptcy due to changing food prices.
• control the price put on beverages and food products.
• ensure that products were labeled accurately.

Multiple Choice

The Jungle exposed unsanitary and unsafe practices in the meatpacking industry.

Which muckraker is responsible for exposing the conditions?

• Jacob Riis

• Lewis Hines

• Ida Tarbell

• Upton Sinclair