HS II 3.01 Respiratory System Structures

HS II 3.01 Respiratory System Structures

Upper Respiratory System

• Nose

• Sinuses

• Pharynx

• Epiglottis

• Larynx

• Trachea

Nose

air enters the respiratory system through two oval openings in the nose

Nasal Cavity - space behind the nose

• Vestibular region - the most anterior part

• Olfactory region - lined by olfactory cells with olfactory receptors (SMELL)

• Respiratory region - includes the nasal turbinates

Nasal Cavity

• Turbinates - scroll-like bones in the respiratory region - increase surface area of the nasal cavity

• Nasal Septum - cartilage that divides the nose into right and left sides 

• Cilia - nose hairs, trap and prevent entry of larger dirt particles

Sinuses - cavities in the skull

• Ducts connect sinuses to the nasal cavity

• Lined with mucous membrane to warm and moisten the air

• Provide resonance to the voice

Pharynx - ~5" long Common Passageway

for air and food

• Nasopharynx - nose, throat

• Oropharynx - mouth, throat

• Laryngopharynx - larynx, throat

Epiglottis

A flap or lid that closes over the opening to the larynx when food is swallowed

Larynx - voicebox - triangular chamber

below the pharynx

• Within the larynx are vocal cords, the glottis

• Also called the Adam’s Apple

• Production of sound

Trachea - windpipe - passageway from

larynx to form the two bronchi (one for

each lung)

• Composed of alternate bands of C-shaped rings of hyaline

  of cartilage that keeps the trachea open for the passage of oxygen into the lungs

Multiple Choice

What order is correct?

• mouth-larynx-pharynx-trachea

• mouth-pharynx-trachea-larynx

• mouth-pharynx-larynx-trachea

• mouth-trachea-pharynx-larynx

Multiple Choice

What is also known as the throat and allows for the passage of food and air?

• trachea

• pharynx

• turbinates

• windpipe

Multiple Choice

This structure prevents food from entering the trachea when we eat.

• pharynx

• epiglottis

• trachea

• sinuses

Multiple Choice

These structures help to warm and moisten the air as well as provide resonance to our voices.

• sinuses

• larynx

• pharynx

• nose

Multiple Choice

This structure allows for the production of sound and is also known as the Adam's Apple.

• pharynx

• trachea

• nose

• larynx

Lower Respiratory System

• Lungs

• Bronchial tree

• Mediastinum

• Diaphragm

Bronchi

• at the lower end of the trachea divides into the right and left bronchus

Bronchial Tubes

• as the bronchi enter the lungs subdivides into bronchial tubes

Bronchioles

• subdivides again into smaller bronchioles

Alveoli

• found at the end of the bronchioles is a globular sac

Lungs

• cone-shaped organs that fill the two lateral chambers of the thoracic cavity 

Multiple Choice

What order is correct:

• trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli

• trachea-bronchioles-alveoli-bronchi

• bronchi-trachea-bronchioles-alveoli

• bronchi-bronchioles, alveoli, trachea

Multiple Choice

The trachea will branch into the left and right:

• bronchioles

• lungs

• bronchi

• alveoli

Multiple Choice

These are small grape-like clusters where gas exchange takes place:

• bronchioles

• alveoli

• pharynx

• epiglottis

Multiple Choice

This is known as the triangular chamber that holds the vocal cords:

• larynx

• pharynx

• lungs

• bronchioles

Multiple Choice

This flap will close over the trachea when one eats or drinks to prevent them from aspirating.

• glottis

• epiglottis

• alveoli

• trachea

Pleura

• lining the thoracic cavity

Mediastinum

• space found in the midline of the thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

• a muscle that separates the abdomen from the chest that allows you to inhale and exhale

Multiple Choice

The space between the lungs is known as the:

• pleura

• diaphragm

• mediastinum

Multiple Choice

This large muscle separates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity and assists with breathing.

• intercostals

• mediastinum

• pleura

• diaphragm

Multiple Choice

This membrane lines the thoracic cavity:

• pleura

• pericardial

• pneumosac

• lung sac