Economic Reforms of the Progressive Era

Economic Reforms of the Progressive Era

Populists vs. Progressives

Populists---rural 

Progressives---cities

Populists were poor and uneducated.

Progressives were middle-class and educated.

Populists were too radical.

Progressives stayed political mainstream.

Populists failed.

Progressives succeeded.

Multiple Choice

____________?____________

A period of time when social, economic and political problems caused by rapid industrialization were exposed and in some cases reformed.

What is the most likely title for this?

• Industrialization

• Progressive Era

• Reconstruction

• Prohibition

Multiple Choice

"having behind us the producing masses of this nation and the world, supported by the commercial interests, the laboring interests, and the toilers everywhere, we will answer their demand for a gold standard by saying to them; you shall not press down upon the brow of labor this crown of thorns, you shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold"

In this speech, who was being crushed and by what?

• Bankers by the gold standard

• Farmers by the gold standard

• Industrialists by bimetallism

• William Jennings Bryan by the silver standard

Multiple Choice

Unlimited Coinage of Silver,

Limit terms for President

Direct Election of Senators

Secret Ballot

Government ownership of railroads, telegraphs, and telephones.

Immigration Restriction

Graduated Income Tax

shorter work day 8 hours

Which political party platform is list above?

• Populist platform

• Progressive platform

• Republican party platform

• Democrat party platform

Multiple Choice

Members of which group most likely to belong to Populist Party?

• Anarchists
• Farmers
• Industrialists
• Immigrants

Multiple Choice

Why did the Populist party want unlimited coinage of silver?

• To increase the amount of money in circulation and raise farm prices

• To reduce economic inflation

• To raise campaign contribution limits

• To decrease the bargaining power of labor unions

Multiple Choice

Who gave the "Cross of Gold" speech?

• Willaim McKinley

• William Henry Harrison

• Marcus Hannah

• William Jennings Bryan

Multiple Choice

Who was the Populist/Democratic candidate for President?

• Andrew Jackson

• Grover Cleveland

• William Jennings Bryan

• William McKinley

Multiple Choice

The populist and progressive movements were similar in their approach to reform because they both

• Supported the return of power to the state government

• promoted the use of violent strikes and protests against big businesses

• Opposed strict laissez-faire attitudes of the federal government

• lobbied for immediate social and economic equality for Af.Americans.

Multiple Choice

Farmers faced many economic problems in the late 1800s which led to the formation of what?

• American Protective Association

• People's (Populist) Party

• NAACP

• Department of Agriculture

Multiple Choice

The process of people leaving the farms or rural areas for more populated cities is called....

• Suffrage
• Urbanization
• Rural
• Boom Bust

Economic Reform Goals of Progressivism

- Economic Reformers sought to curb the power and influence of wealthy interests.

- Wanted to address the issues of Monopolies, the wealth gap between the rich and poor.

- Move away from laissez faire with government regulating industry.

- Improve worker’s rights, conditions for poor and immigrants .

Early Attempts to Regulate Business

-Congress created the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) in 1886 to regulate railroads…

- …and passed the Sherman Anti-Trust Act in 1890 to regulate companies that restrict trade 

- But neither was used to control monopolies during the Gilded Age.

Clayton Antitrust Act

- Strengthened the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890 (Outlawed monopolies/trusts to improve competition). (Failed due to vague language and no enforcement).

- Clayton Antitrust Act spelled out specific activities businesses COULD NOT DO.

- Ensured that it was legal for workers to unionize and strike.

Multiple Choice

Which legislation strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act, and made it illegal to form a monopoly?

• Pure Food & Drug Act

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Interstate Commerce Act

Multiple Choice

Which legislation answered the farmer's concerns that railroads were charging too high prices for transporting goods?

• Pure Food & Drug Act

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Interstate Commerce Act

Multiple Choice

A law passed in 1890 that prohibited businesses to become monopolies and therefore encourage competition.

• Compromise of 1877

• Child Labor Act

• Trust

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

Multiple Choice

This was created to regulate monopolies

• Interstate Commerce Commission
• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Roosevelt Anti-Trust Act
• Slayton Anti-Trust Act

Multiple Choice

This was created to regulate railroads

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act
• Interstate Commerce Commision
• Railway Regulation Firm
• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

Multiple Choice

Which legislation answered the farmer's concerns that railroads were charging too high prices for transporting goods?

• Pure Food & Drug Act

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Sherman Anti-Trust Act

• Interstate Commerce Act

Ending Child Labor

- Florence Kelley= lawyer, helped form the National Child Labor Committee which formed the U.S. Children’s Bureau in 1912. 

- Progressives also fought to better 

educate children. (John Dewey).

- Child labor was eventually banned by the creation of compulsory education laws, which require children to attend school.

Improving Workplace Safety

- Fire Safety Standards Passed as a result of Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire

- Started in overcrowded sweatshop.

- Only 2 stairways to 10 story building, exit doors were locked 146 people died, many jumping to deaths.

-Outrage over the fire caused many progressives to fight for safer workplaces, workers compensation laws and 10 hour workdays.

Child Labor and Safety Codes

- President Taft helped establish the Children’s Bureau, the Department of Labor, and child labor laws.

-He also helped create safety codes for coal miners and railroad workers.

Multiple Choice

An important reformer at Hull House. She visited sweatshops and wrote about the problems there. Her work helped convince lawmakers to take action. Illinois passed a law in 1893 to limit working hours for women and to prevent child labor.

• Jane Addams

• Ida B. Wells

• Hannah Greenbaum

• Florence Kelley

Multiple Choice

Name the fire that 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)?

• Industrial Fire

• Triangle Pants Frie

• Triangle Shirtwaist Fire

• Shirtwaist Fire

Multiple Choice

What kind of workers did the factory employ mostly?

• young immigrant women who knew little English

• male immigrants who knew no English

• young females who knew English well

• male immigrants from Ireland

Multiple Choice

What is this called?

• firehose
• fire escape
• water

Multiple Choice

Part A: What is the central idea of “The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire of 1911” ?

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire showed how important it is to practice fire safety at work.

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire showed how far we have come as a society when it comes to fire and work safety.

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire showed how a community can come together during a tragedy.

• The Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire showed the dangerous consequences that unsafe working conditions and corrupt business owners could have for workers.

Multiple Choice

The number one cause of child labor is:

• No Education
• Factory Work
• Poverty
• Sweatshops

Multiple Choice

What does compulsory mean?

• someone obsessed with doing something a certain way

• required by law

• a way to throw out food trash

Multiple Choice

What was not a solution to child labor?

• Laws that say children must go to school.
• Minimum working age.
• Banning child labor.
• Shorter work hours for children.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following BEST explains  the mental impact of child labor?

• children were losing limbs and lives
• children did not get an education
• children did not have any social skills
• children were working long hours

Multiple Choice

Which of the following BEST explains the physical impact of child labor

• children were losing limbs and lives
• children did not get an education
• children did not have any social skills
• children were working long hours

Role of Unions

Unions fought for an 8 Hour work day.

They fought for improved working conditions and higher pay.

It wasn't until the Clayton Antitrust Act that their right to strike was protected by law.

United Mine Workers Strike (1902)

- Public opinion was against the mine owners.

- Roosevelt invited owners and union leaders to talk at the White House.

- Owners refused to show up, and Roosevelt was furious.

- He threatened to send the army in to run the mines and take them over himself. 

United Mine Workers Strike (1902)

- Owners gave in, and workers received better pay and reasonable hours per week.

- Previous Presidents sent troops in against the strikers.

- This was the first time in history troops were sent in to battle the business owners,

Federal Trade Commission

President Woodrow Wilson created the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) to monitor unfair business practices.

The Federal Reserve System

- Woodrow Wilson created the Federal Reserve system in 1913 to regulate the economy by adjusting the money supply and interest rates.

- The “Fed” regulates the amount of money in circulation to help keep the economy strong and the value of the dollar stable.

- Limits Inflation and Deflation= Buying power is almost fixed.

Multiple Choice

A court order to stop a strike

• Lockout
• Yellow Dog Contract
• Blacklist
• Injunction

Multiple Choice

A replacement worker for a striker

• Scab
• Arbitrator
• Philanthropist
• Strike Breaker

Multiple Choice

When an employer shuts down production to hurt employees

• Blacklist
• Lockout
• Scab
• Injunctions

Multiple Choice

When an employer refuses to hire a member of a labor union

• Lockout
• Blacklist
• Scab
• Injunction

Multiple Choice

When a third party makes a legally binding decision

• Strikes
• Lockout
• Mediation
• Arbitration

Multiple Choice

Negotiating terms with employers as a group

• Strikes
• Injunctions
• Arbitration
• Collective Bargaining

Multiple Choice

When workers stop working as a group

• Collective Bargaining
• Strike
• Arbitration
• Mediation

Multiple Choice

A group of workers organized as a group to improve hours, pay, and conditions

• Labor Union
• Joint Stock Company
• Horizontal Integration
• Holding Company

Multiple Choice

In the 1800s, the Homestead steel strike and the Pullman rail car strike were unsuccessful mainly as a result of

• the government supporting business owners
• most workers refused to take part in the strike
• the Supreme Court ruled both strikes were illegal
• factory owners hired children to replace the strkers

Multiple Choice

Which generalization about labor unions during this time period is most clearly supported by information in this map?

• The federal government supported union strikes.
• State governments sought to settle all labor disputes.
• Labor union membership was limited to only mine workers.
• Strikes by labor unions were often put down by government actions.

Multiple Choice

During the late 1800s, what was the main reason labor unions had difficulty achieving gains for thier workers?

• Communists had taken control of most labor unions in the nation.
• The federal government supported business efforts to limit union's power.
• Most labor unions had been organized by gib business.
• Most factory workers were satisfied with their working condtitions.

Multiple Choice

This was settled when Roosevelt got involved in the negotiations.

•        Panic of 1873
•      Homestead Strike
• 1902 Coal Miners Strike
• 1910 Coal Miner's Daughter Strike

Multiple Choice

In order to get JP Morgan to negotiate, Theodore Roosevelt threatened____________.

• to send troops to nationalize the mines.
• to imprison Morgan.
• to shut down the coal mines.
• to pass anti-trust legislation

Multiple Choice

In 1902, coal workers demanded better working conditions, better pay, and ________________. 

• retirement benefits
• the right to unionize
• work free weekends
• stock options

Multiple Choice

The law passed in 1913 to restrict illegal trade practices across state lines was the

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Adamson Act

• Federal Trade Commission Act

• Keating-Owens Act

Multiple Choice

The law that recreated the banking system & stabilized US currency was the

• Federal Trade Commission Act

• Federal Reserve Act

• Federal Highway Act

• Federal Farm Loan Act