Chemical Formulas and Bonding Review

Chemical Formulas and Bonding Review

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Chemical Formulas

• A way to represent a compound like a mathematical formula.

• It uses ELEMENT SYMBOLS from the periodic table and SUBSCRIPTS to show how many of each element are in the COMPOUND.

• COEFFICIENTS tell how many of the COMPOUND there are.

Multiple Select

1. How many total atoms are in this compound?

2. How many atoms of Hydrogen are in C₆H₁₂O₆?

• 12 total atoms

• 24 total atoms

• 12 atoms of Hydrogen

• 24 atoms of Hydrogen

Fill in the Blank

How many total atoms are in 6H₂SO₄? (remember to add your parentheses and distribute).

Fill in the Blank

How many total atoms are in the compound, 2Na(OH)₂?

Valence Electrons

• These are the number of ELECTRONS on the OUTER SHELL and they are responsible for how the atom BONDS to other atoms.

Multiple Choice

What are valence electrons?

• The total number of electrons in an atom

• The number of electrons in the outermost shell

• The number of electrons in the second shell

• The number of protons in the outermost shell

Multiple Choice

• 2
• 8
• 3
• 13

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons does carbon have?

• 4

• 5

• 6

• 7

Oxidation Number

• This is a way to write the number of VALENCE ELECTRONS in a way that tells you how many electrons will be gained or lost in a CHEMICAL REACTION.

• The LEFT side of the periodic table has POSITIVE OXIDATION NUMBERS.

• The RIGHT side of the periodic table have NEGATIVE OXIDATION NUMBERS.

Multiple Choice

How many valence electrons do elements in Group 15 have?

• 15

• 5

• 4

Multiple Choice

How many electrons are required to fill the outer shell for elements in Group 15

• 15

• 3

• 5

Multiple Choice

Group 15 has 5 VALENCE ELECTRONS. What would its OXIDATION NUMBER be?

• +5

• -5

• +3

• -3

Bonding: Ionic vs. Covalent

• IONIC bonds are between METALS and NONMETALS.

• IONIC: METALS (+) LOSE electrons and NONMETALS (-) GAIN electrons.

• COVALENT bonds are between NONMETALS.

• COVALENT: SHARE electrons (no charges)

Lewis Structures

• These are a way to visualize the number of VALENCE ELECTRONS.

• They are used with the OXIDATION NUMBER to predict BONDING.

• All ELEMENTS (except for Hydrogen) follow the OCTET RULE:

• They all need 8 VALENCE ELECTRONS & will LOSE, SHARE. or STEAL to get 8.

Multiple Choice

According to the octet rule most elements need _______ valence electrons.

• 2
• 8
• 6
• 18

Multiple Choice

Oxygen is number 8 on the periodic table and is in GROUP 16. How many electrons should Oxygen have around its Lewis dot model?

• 5

• 6

• 7

• 8

Multiple Choice

Aluminum is in group 13 on the periodic table and has the Lewis structure shown. What would be its oxidation number?

• +3

• -3

• +5

• -5