Challenges in Lagos 1

Challenges in Lagos Part 1

Whilst we wait for others to join, grab yourself a pen and paper ready to take some notes

Starter: Can you list as many opportunities of living in Lagos as you can?

Let's see what we can remember...

Multiple Choice

Around 1200 people migrate to Lagos each day, meaning that the size or Lagos has grown rapidly. What do we call it when towns and cities expand into rural areas?

• Urbanisation

• Counter-urbanisation

• Urban to rural migration

• Urban sprawl

Lagos' urban Sprawl

Multiple Choice

Why is there a high natural increase in Lagos?

• Access to healthcare has increased infant mortality

• Women are more focused on their careers and education

• Most people migrating to Lagos are of reproductive age

Multiple Choice

How do we know Lagos has a higher standard of living compared to the rest of Nigeria?

• The literacy rate is 30% higher in Lagos than in rural areas

• Wages are around 10X higher in Lagos

• Lagos uses 70% of Nigeria's electricity supply

Multiple Choice

How has the growth of Lagos provided employment opportunities?

• More developments such as Eko Atlantic require the construction of many buildings

• Lagos is West Africa's financial centre, providing many informal jobs such as banking

• Many primary jobs have been created as the city has expanded into rural areas

Multiple Select

Why are Lagos' urban industrial areas important for increasing Nigeria's export tax earnings? (pick two)

• They provide a range of secondary jobs with good wages

• They attract more businesses to share services

• Manufactured goods can be sold for more profit

• They are normally located close to international trade links

Challenges in Lagos Part 1

Learning outcomes:

- To identify why Lagos is a challenging place to manage

- To describe key characteristics of a squatter settlement in Lagos

- To explain the negative impacts of urban growth in Lagos

Managing Urban Growth

Population Density

• Population density is the number of people living in a km²

• In the UK there is on average 275 people per km²

• In London there are 5,701 people per km²

• What do you think the population density of Lagos is?

• Lagos has 20,000 people/km²!!!

Multiple Choice

Lagos is...

• densely populated

• sparsely populated

Open Ended

Suggest why population density makes Lagos a challenging place to manage

Water management

• Only 40% of the city is connected to the state water supply

• Pipes are old and sometimes get contaminated with sewage

• Drinking water is in such high demand people have to pay extortionate prices to get it from informal sellers

• The government has begun work on a $2.5 billion plan to improve supply and set up water kiosks to sell water at stable prices.

Poll

Opinion: Why might the government be taking action to improve the water supply in Lagos?

• To ensure everyone can afford to buy clean water

• To reduce the chance of diseases such as cholera spreading

• To make sure new developments have a good supply of piped water

Energy

• Whilst Lagos uses 40% of Nigeria's energy supply...

• There is not enough power for all

• Neighborhoods often take it in turns, having power for a few hours at a time

• In some areas people illegally tap into the electricity supply, which can be dangerous

• Many use petrol generators, adding to air pollution

Sanitation

• Makoko slum has no water supply, sewage system or flushing toilets.

• On average 15 homes share a communal latrine.

• The latrine is an open hole that falls straight into Lagos lagoon.

Open Ended

Suggest one reason why access to electricity can be a limit to economic growth (2)

Squatter Settlements

Squatter settlements

• Also known as slums, shanty towns or informal housing.

• Defined as an area of poor quality housing (often illegally constructed), lacking in services such as clean water, electricity and sewerage.

• Squatter settlements are found almost exclusively on the outskirts of urban areas, e.g. the favelas of Brazil.

Multiple Select

Which are characteristics of squatter settlements? (2)

• Poor quality housing

• Few informal jobs

• No formal access to electricity/water

• Good access to schools

Lagos' Slums

• Due to rapid population growth there is not enough housing

• Existing housing is very expensive

• Therefore 66% of Lagoasians live in informal housing

• There are 13 squatter settlements

• They are illegally constructed, undesirable areas and are therefore vulnerable to demolition by the government

Welcome to Makoko

Welcome to Makoko

Welcome to Makoko

Welcome to Makoko

Welcome to Makoko

Makoko

• A third of Makoko is built on stilts stretching out into Lagos Lagoon

• 6 villages, 4 on water

• Around 1/4 million people

• Built from wood and metal sheet

• No basic facilities or sanitation

• Most people work in the informal economy e.g. fishing, timber manufacture, selling produce

Makoko

• 1 primary school

• 15 homes share a communal loo

• Most waste goes into the lagoon

• Drinking water is very expensive

• High levels of crime 'area boys'

• Unregistered healthcare centres provide some treatment but infant mortality is high

• People are proud of their homes and community

What's it like to live in Makoko?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HQZFy0K5v0I

Open Ended

Identify two characteristics of the squatter settlement in the phonto (2 marks)

Open Ended

Using the photo, suggest why why water pollution is a problem for people in Lagos (2 marks)

Open Ended

Suggest how one other characteristic shown in the photo effects the lives of the people who live there (2 marks)

How did you do?

• Q1. Built of poor quality materials / high density housing / polluted water / homes on stilts / etc

• Q2. Polluted water could increase the risk of cholera (1), resulting in people being too ill to work (2)

• Q3. Houses here are poor quality (1), meaning that they could collapse and injure people (2)

• The houses are tightly packed together (1), which means that disease could spread rapidly (2)

Multiple Select

Which sector doe Apu work in? (pick two)

• Formal

• Informal

• Secondary

• Tertiary

Open Ended

Suggest how Apu's life has changed positively as a result of living in a squatter settlement

How has Apu's life changed positively?

• She now earns enough to buy food so they won't be hungry

• There are more opportunities in the city so her children are more likely to have a better life

• She earns 4 times as much so can better afford essentials and can start to save money for the future

Let's some it up...

Open Ended

Explain how urban growth in a NEE/LIC city you have studied has had a negative social impact (6 marks)

Success criteria: named the city, 2 PEELs, accurate case study facts