Language Review Notes Wk 1

Language Review Notes Wk 1

Ms. Jurczak 8th Grade ELA, 2021

Parts of Speech

Noun - person, place, thing, or idea

Pronoun - takes the place of a noun (he, she, it...)

Verb - action (walk, run...) or state of being (is, was, were...)

Adjective - describes (modifies) a noun (the black shirt)

Adverb - describes (modifies) a verb, adjective, or other adverb - usually ends in -ly

Preposition - links nouns and pronouns to other parts of sentence, usually tells location or position - 10 most common - above, across, against, along, among, around, at, before, behind, below, beneath, beside, between, by, down, from, in, into, near, of, off, on, to, toward, under, upon, with and withi

Multiple Choice

I bought a beautiful dress at the mall.

• preposition

• adjective

• noun

Multiple Choice

What did she ask you to do?

• adjective

• preposition

• pronoun

Multiple Choice

I left my shoes under the kitchen table.

• adjective

• preposition

• pronoun

Multiple Choice

If we finish our work quickly we can go to the movies.

• adverb

• preposition

• verb

Multiple Choice

On Saturdays I work from nine to five.

• preposition

• verb

• adverb

Multiple Choice

I want to go to a university in the United States.

• verb

• adjective

• noun

Figurative Language

Simile - a comparison that uses like or as (She is brave as a lion.)

Metaphor - a comparison that does not use like or as (He is a couch potato).

Hyperbole - exaggeration (This is the worst day of my life. The couch weighs a ton.)

Allusion - reference to something in literature, mythology, bible, culture. (His smile is like kryptonite. He was a good samaritan.)

Multiple Choice

Their faces shine like a row of eggs on a pantry shelf.

• allusion

• hyperbole

• metaphor

• simile

Multiple Choice

She is a beautiful flower.

• allusion

• hyperbole

• metaphor

• simile

Multiple Choice

He's running faster than the wind.

• allusion

• hyperbole

• metaphor

• simile

Multiple Choice

You don't have to be Albert Einstein to understand figurative language.

• allusion

• hyperbole

• metaphor

• simile

Sentence Structures

Simple Sentence - has one independent clause. It has a subject, a verb, and it is a complete thought. (Grace opened the door. The tables and chairs need to be cleaned. The boy smiled and nodded. )

Compound Sentence - two or more independent clauses joined by a comma and a coordinating conjunction. (FANBOYS). (Grace opened the door, and she looked outside.)

Complex Sentence - independent clause and a dependent clause - Dependent clauses are NOT completed thoughts. (When he won the award, everyone cheered. I took my umbrella because it was raining. Because it was raining, I took my umbrella).

Multiple Choice

Karl knew lots about monkeys.

• simple

• complex

• compound

Multiple Choice

Although Matt was running late, he seemed relaxed.

• simple

• compound

• complex

Multiple Choice

He was hungry, so he was late.

• simple

• compound

• complex