Marine Science Ch 1

Multiple Choice

Marine Biology studies

• all water bodies

• large bodies of both fresh and salt water

• bodies of water with some level of salinity

• only the oceans

Multiple Choice

Which aspects of the Oceans do Oceanographers study?

• abiotic

• biotic

Multiple Choice

Life on Earth started where?

• Volcanoes

• Deep underground

• Deep in the Oceans

• On the Ocean surface

Multiple Choice

Our Oceans __________ tourism worldwide

• hinders

• supports

Multiple Choice

Prochlorococcus and other ocean phytoplankton are responsible for what percent of Earth's oxygen production?

• 25%

• 10%

• 70%

• 50%

Multiple Choice

It has only been since the 19th century that humans have been using the oceans.

• True

• False

Humans have studied the ocean and its inhabitants since they first saw the ocean.

​

Even the tomb of an Egyptian pharaoh bears a warning against eating a species of puffer fish.

​

New skills in seamanship and navigation led to increased knowledge of the ocean and the organisms that live there.

Multiple Choice

The sea between Europe and Africa is called the

• Black Sea

• Red Sea

• Dead Sea

• Mediterranean Sea

• Lithuanian Sea

​The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle (300’s B.C.) is considered by many to be the first marine biologist.

Multiple Choice

Aristotle was

• Russian

• Greek

• Polish

• Sanish

​The Renaissance spurred many Europeans to explore the world beyond Europe.

​

• 1492 Christopher Columbus sailed to the New World.

• 1519 Ferdinand Magellan embarked on the first expedition to sail around the world.

• many other explorers helped to open up the unknown world to man.

Multiple Choice

Christopher Columbus sailed to the "New World" in

• 1872

• 1776

• 1492

• 1680

• He undertook 3 epic voyages to explore all of the worlds oceans.

• He was one of the first to make scientific observations along the way.

• He carried a full time naturalist along for the voyage.

• He was the first to use a chronometer.

Multiple Choice

How many Voyages did Captain James Cook take?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

What was the Ship Charles Darwin sailed on?

• HMS Dachshund

• HMS Beagle

• HMS Finch

• HMS Eagle

​HMS Beagle

• ​Sailed in 1831 from England on a 5 year expedition around the world.

• The ship’s naturalist was a man named Charles Darwin.

• Darwin used what he observed on the voyage to propose some radical new scientific theories.

Multiple Choice

Darwin's trip on the HMS Beagle was during what years?

• 1831-1836

• 1918-1923

• 1776-1778

• 1832-1834

​It was not proven correct until the 1950’s.

Multiple Choice

Creatures on the Seafloor vary greatly based on depth.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Which geologic feature is the deepest found in the ocean to date?

• The Sandwich Trench

• The Marianna Trench

• The Ring of Fire

• The Mid-Atlantic Ridge

The deepest depth recorded by the Expedition was located in the Marianas Trench, a place now known as the Challenger Deep. At this location, the scientists measured a depth of 26, 850 feet!

Multiple Choice

Which ocean lies between North America and Asia/Japan?

• Atlantic

• Pacific

• Indian

• Arctic

Multiple Choice

What does S.C.U.B.A stand for?

• Self-Continued Breathing Apparatus

• Self-Contained Breathing Apparatus

• Self-Regulated Breathing System

• Aqua-Lung

​Technology

• ​Sonar-sound navigation ranging was introduced after World War II as an important tool of marine biology.

  Scuba-Invented in 1943 by Jacques Cousteau and Emile Gagnan. It stands for Self Contained Underwater Breathing Apparatus. It is limited to shallow water.

  ROVs- Remotely Operated Vehicles. They have greatly extended the depth at which humans can explore the ocean.

  Satellites- allow us to track many different conditions within the oceans. Salinity, temp, water clarity, algae growth, and pollution.

Multiple Select

Who invented SCUBA?

• Jacques Cousteau

• James Cook

• Emile Gagnan

• Edward Forbes

• Sonar stands for sound navigation and ranging.

  Sonar uses a beam of sound waves and directs them downward.

  After the sound wave hits the bottom of the ocean (ocean floor), or an object, it will bounce off and return back causing an echo.

  This is then recorded on a depth recorder on the ship.

  Some marine organisms useEcholocation, which is a form of sonar (dolphins, whales, porpoises).

Multiple Choice

Aircraft can be used to study the oceans

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

A series of steps used by scientists to solve a problem or answer a question. 

• scientific method
• recipe
• data collection
• metric system

Multiple Choice

A testable explanation to a problem that has not yet been tested. 

• data
• theory
• hypothesis
• fact

​​Induction:

Make observations (With no goal or preconception about the outcome)

These observations suggest a general conclusion

Observations – shellfish, shark, sailfish all have gills, they are also all fish.

Conclusion – all fish have gills

Why must scientists be careful when using induction?

​​Deduction

​

General Statement about nature and predict what the specific consequences would be if this statement were true. Suppose induction were used to make the general “All marine animals have gills”. One could then reason that if all marine animals have gills and whales are marine animals, then whales have gills. This can be easily tested by observing a whale.

Multiple Choice

When a scientist has no goal or predetermined outcome and is objective, he/she is using the _________________ form of thinking?

• observation

• deduction

• conclusion

• induction

Multiple Choice

Reasoning from specific observations to a general conclusion, for example stating that if sailfish, sharks, and tuna are all fish (specific), then all fish must have gills (general).

• induction

• deduction

• subjunctive

• introspection

Multiple Choice

Reasoning from general principles to specific conclusions: such as stating that if all fish have gills (general), then sharks must have gills (specific).

• introduction

• induction

• deduction

• reduction

Multiple Choice

You can PROVE a hypothesis true.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Researches must look at _____________ at a time

• one factor

• two factors

• three factors

Multiple Choice

The factors that might influence or affect outcomes in an experiment, and the scientist decides to keep the same, or constant:

• data

• conclusions

• controls

• observations

Multiple Choice

Also called the manipulated variable, it is the one thing the scientist purposely changes to test what will happen:

• independent variable

• controlled variable

• dependent variable

• induction variable

Multiple Choice

The measure of total salt content dissolved in water.

• Salination

• Brininess

• Iodized

• Salinity

Multiple Choice

When a hypothesis has passed all testing and is supported by overwhelming evidence, it EXPLAINS why a natural phenomenon occurs. This is a comprehensive EXPLANATION of our observations of how the world works.

• scientific method

• conclusion

• scientific theory

• scientific law

Multiple Choice

Based on repeated experiments and observations, this PREDICTS a range of natural phenomena.

• scientific method

• scientific theory

• scientific experimentation

• scientific law

Multiple Choice

When a hypothesis is well supported with experimental data and/or further observations it becomes a

• Law

• Conclusion

• Theory

• Belief

Multiple Choice

A hypothesis that has been tested repeatedly by many scientists

• Scientific hypothesis

• Scientific Theory

• Scientific Law