AAO Chapters 1-3

AAO Chapters 1-3

Chapter 1: Basic Anatomy

• Vitreous

• Neurosensory retina

• RPE

• Bruch Membrane

• Choroid

• Sclera

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statement is true about the vitreous?

• It occupies 90% of the volume of the eye

• The collagen fibrils serve as separators and fillers between adjacent hyalorunic molecules

• It inserts firmly into a ringlike area at 2mm anterior and 3-4 mm posterior to the ora serrata

• The annular gap is an area between the lens and optic nerve which is a pathway for diffusion of solutes between anterior chamber and vitreous

Multiple Choice

The thickest area of the retina is:

• Fovea

• Parafovea

• Perifovea

• Foveloa

Thickest part of the retina: Parafovea (Henle's fiber)

GCL, INL, OPL are thickest

Multiple Choice

Area in the retina where most retinal tears occur

• At the equator

• Between the ora serrata and equator

• Posterior to the equator

• Anterior to the ora

Peripheral and far periphery retina

• anterior to the equator: Peripheral retina

• the vitreous base straddles the ora: Far periphery

• posterior border of the vitreous base: retinal tears appear commonly

Multiple Choice

Photoreceptors are seen as a hyperreflective band in OCT. Which specific part of the photoreceptor does this correspond?

• inner-outer segment junction

• inner segment

• outer segment

• cilium

Multiple Choice

A retinal structure which courses almost the entire thickness of the retina, forming the ILM and external LM (zonular attachments with photoreceptors):

• Muller cells

• Amacrine cells

• Bipolar cells

• Horizontal cells

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statement is FALSE

• The fovea only contains cones and processes of muller cells

• 90% of cones reside outside the fovea

• rod density is greatest at 20 degress from fixation

• rod density increases toward the periphery

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is FALSE:

• The CRA is a branch of the ophthalmic artery

• The cilioretinal artery if present shows up in the choroidal flush in FA

• There are capillaries in the superficial NFL

• There are capillaries in the INL (superficial and deep capillary plexus)

• The retinal vasculature are fenestrated so as to maintain the blood-brain barrier

Multiple Select

The following is true about the RPE? (Check all possible answers)

• The RPE has melanosomes to absorb light

• Ingests disc and membranes shed by the outer segments of the photoreceptor

• It is involve in the regeneration of 11-cis-retinadehyde

• serves as the external blood retina barrier

Multiple Choice

The retinal structure not visible in normal macular OCT, but can seen as a hyperreflective band in an OCT wherein there is elevation of the RPE

• Bruch's membrane

• RPE

• Choroid

• External limiting membrane

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is FALSE about the choroid

• Haller layer - outermost, large caliber choroidal vessels

• Choroidal vessels are fenestrated and distribute blood across the whole of choroid

• the choroid is thickest the posterior

• The venous blood exiting the choroid has low low oxygen tension

Multiple Choice

This imaging modality generates retinal images by the use of laser beam in the near IR (NIR) rage that rapidly sweeps back and forth across the retina, building an image line by line from individual point reflections

• Flash photography

• SLO

• OCT

• OCT-A

Multiple Select

What are the abnormal findings in this OCT scan? (Choose all possible answer)

• Distorted foveal contour

• Serous detachment

• Pigment epithelial detachment

• drusen

Multiple Select

Ocular structures that normally autofluoresce: (choose all possible answers)

• corneal epithelium

• corneal endothelium

• lens

• macular pigments

• RPE pigments

Multiple Choice

The clinical use of the fundus AF relies on the fact that the predominat source of autofluorescence in the macula is:

• Lutein

• Zeaxanthine

• RPE pigments

• Lipofuscin