Progressive Presidents

Progressive Presidents

Theodore Roosevelt

- Youngest President in history, 42.

- Other offices before President: Vice President, NY state legislature, Sec. of Navy, organized Roughriders, NY Governor.

- Became President when McKinley was assassinated by anarchist in 1901.

President Roosevelt

- Theodore “Teddy” Roosevelt was elected to the office of Vice President under President McKinley in the Election of 1900.

- A powerful republican leader named Mark Hanna warned America there was now only one life between “That Cowboy” and the Whitehouse.

-Roosevelt believed in conservation- the protection and preservation of natural resources. He was a famous outdoorsman. 

President Roosevelt

Saw Presidency as a ““bully pulpit”-place to preach the ideas he believed.

- Reversed tradition of strong Congress, weak President Believed strongly in Conservation (saving forest).

-Wanted to save nation’s forests by preventing short sighted over cutting.

-Started National Park Service

Trust Buster

- Roosevelt is known as the first "Progressive" president

- He ordered the justice system to use the Sherman Anti-Trust act, which wasn’t used to this point in history, to break up trusts.

- Roosevelt went after the Northern Securities Company, a railroad monopoly in the northwest, and broke it apart.

- Roosevelt was a trustbuster is someone that wanted to break up big corporations. 

Labor Crisis

- 1902 – 100,000 United Mine Workers, a union went on strike. 

- The public opinion was against the owners Roosevelt invited owners and union leaders to talk at the White House.

-Owners refused to show up, and Roosevelt was furious.

- He threatened to send the army in to run the mines and take them over himself.

Labor Crisis

- Owners gave in, and workers received better pay and reasonable hours per week.

- Other Presidents sent troops in against the strikers. This was the first time in history troops were sent in to battle the owners.

Square Deal

- When Roosevelt ran for president in 1904, he promised a Square Deal – equal treatment for all.

- He also promised government would regulate business.

- Before this, the country practiced Laissez-faire. This French term generally means, “let people do as they choose.”

- He supported the pure food and drug act, which gave government permission to visit businesses and inspect products.

Roosevelt's 3 C's:

Consumer Protection.

Control of Corporations.

Conservation.

Multiple Choice

What was the Square Deal?

• TAFT's promise to favor laborers in different trade agreements and to attack corporations

• Roosevelt's promise to the American people to to be fair to all; it was comprised of controlling corporations, protecting consumers, and conservationism

• Wilson's program of American conservation that promised to conserve America's wilderness

• Roosevelt's agreement with foreign countries that he would prevent countries in the Eastern Hemisphere from getting involved in their affairs

Multiple Choice

Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? - Focused on consumer protection after reading The Jungle, passing the Meat Inspection Act, the Pure Food and Drug Act, and the establishment of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? - Created a program called the "Square Deal," based on the 4 C's

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? - Is the youngest person to ever serve as president, following McKinley's assassination

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

This period during the 1870s to 1900 is known for it's rise of railroads, big business, industrialization and social problems in the United States.

• New Deal

• Progressive Era

• Gilded age

• Roaring Twenties

Multiple Choice

Any person who works to destroy monopolies and trusts

• conservationist

• progressive

• entrepeneur

• trustbuster

Multiple Choice

What is the term for the protection of natural resources?

• trustbuster

• conservation

• prohibition

• initiative

Multiple Choice

What nickname did Roosevelt get after breaking up monopolies with the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?

• Trustbuster
• Monopolybuster
• Tim Roosevelt Destroyer of Trusts
• Slayer of trusts and eradicator of monopolies

President Taft

- No president had run for more than two terms, so Roosevelt did not run again.

- Taft easily defeated democrat William Jennings Bryan.

- He was not as exciting as Roosevelt, but won more anti-trust cases in 4 years than Roosevelt did in 7 years.

Open Ended

What do you think the political cartoons we've just seen say about the relationship between Roosevelt and Taft?

Accomplishments of Taft

- William Howard Taft Filed 90 anti-trust suits including Standard Oil and American Tobacco.

- 16th Amendment

- 17th Amendment

- Created Department of Labor to enforce labor laws Passed mine safety laws.

- Established 8 hour workday for companies doing business w/ federal govt.

Problems for Taft

- Taft supported the 16th Amendment – which gave congress the power to tax people’s incomes. (Money they make)

- Progressives believed Taft would use the money to lower tariffs, but tariffs stayed the same and progressives were angry. 

- Roosevelt was watching and was disappointed and enraged. 

Roosevelt Challenges Taft

- In 1912 Roosevelt decided to run against Taft.

- Taft won the republican nomination over Roosevelt, but Roosevelt was still very popular.

- Roosevelt and his supporters formed the Progressive Party (Bull Moose Party). They nominated Roosevelt.

Election of 1912

- The republican vote was split between Roosevelt and Taft.

- Woodrow Wilson, the democrat snuck in and stole the election.

- He gained 42% of the popular vote, Roosevelt got 27% and Taft got 22%. 

- Wilson almost swept the election, receiving 435 of 531 electoral votes. 

Multiple Choice

What was the name of the progressive political party formed by T. Roosevelt after he lost the Republican Party nomination?

• The G.O.P.

• The Bull Moose Party

• The Democratic Party

• The Pirate Party

Multiple Choice

Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? - Angered a portion of his party by raising tariffs and taking land out of conservation

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

Roosevelt, Taft, or Wilson? - Never wanted to be or liked being President

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

T or F... It is thought that President Taft possibly did more to combat monopolies than President Roosevelt.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

T or F... It is thought that President Taft possibly did more to combat monopolies than President Roosevelt.

• True

• False

Multiple Select

I was handpicked by Teddy Roosevelt to be his successor

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Select

I'm a Democrat

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Select

We are Republicans

• Roosevelt

• Taft

• Wilson

Multiple Choice

This President came after T. Roosevelt and used his Presidential Powers to help eliminate Child Labor and Poverty.

• William H. Taft

• Woodrow Wilson

• Teddy Roosevelt Jr.

• Calvin Coolidge

Multiple Choice

This President came after T. Roosevelt and used his Presidential Powers to help eliminate Child Labor and Poverty.

• William H. Taft

• Woodrow Wilson

• Teddy Roosevelt Jr.

• Calvin Coolidge

Wilson Continues Progressivism

- Wilson’s New Freedom program included many progressive era ideas, and was able to pass laws to lower taxes on sugar, wool, steel, and farm equipment that were imported. 

- The progressive movement changed life in America, however while change was taking place many people were forgotten along the way. 

President Wilson

- “New Freedom”-campaign slogan

- Underwood Tariff- reduced tariffs-lowered prices for consumers.

- Federal Reserve Act:

- 3 Level banking system that controls the flow of money in the US by controlling interest rates

President Wilson

- Clayton Anti-Trust Act: Broadened and strengthened the Sherman Act.

- Federal Trade Commission: Established to investigate corporations so they are not fraudulent or corrupt.

- Workmen’s Compensation provided benefits to workers hurt on the job.

- 18th Amendment

- 19th Amendment

Multiple Choice

This was the biggest change because of Progressivism...

• Americans expect government action
• Americans thought about going to the moon
• Americans considered showering more often
• Americans wanted government to go away

Multiple Choice

If the economy isn't growing, the federal reserve will...

• increase the money supply
• reduce the money supply

Multiple Choice

If inflation is high, the federal reserve bank will...

• reduce the money supply
• increase the money supply

Multiple Choice

Former President Teddy Roosevelt was so upset at his protege', Taft, he did what during Taft's bid for reelection in 1912?

• actively campaigned for another Republican candidate
• actively campaigned for the Democratic candidate Woodrow Wilson
• Formed the Bull Moose Party and ran against Taft
• Left the country in protest

Multiple Choice

What impact did the Republican split have on the election of 1912?

• Democrat Woodrow Wilson won in a landslide
• Democrat Woodrow Wilson won by a narrow margin
• Teddy Roosevelt won as a third party candidate
• Taft won reelction

Multiple Choice

The issue addressed in this political cartoon was later settled by- (5A)

• the creation of the Temperance Society

• the repeal of the Eighteenth Amendment

• the initiation of the Settlement House movement

• the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment

Multiple Choice

The law that increased government control over monopolies in the US was passed in 1914. It was called the

• Clayton Anti-Trust Act

• Federal Trade Commission Act

• Keating-Owens Act

• Federal Highway Act

Multiple Choice

The law that recreated the banking system & stabilized US currency was the

• Federal Trade Commission Act

• Federal Reserve Act

• Federal Highway Act

• Federal Farm Loan Act

Multiple Choice

This was the name of Wilson's progressive agenda for the nation:

• New Freedom

• New Nationalism

• New Deal

• New Movement

Prejudice

- Non-White, Non-protestant, -Non Native residents faced Discrimination – unequal treatment because of one’s race, religion, ethnic background, or place of birth. 

-Around this time there was:

Anti-Catholicism – Anti Catholics Anti-Semitism – Anti Jewish

Anti-Asian – Prejudice against all countries in Asia

Discrimination

The Ku Klux Klan, which was around during reconstruction, was reborn during 1915 in Georgia. 

- The Klan lashed out against minorities, especially African Americans, as well as Catholics, Jews, and immigrants.

-The Klan was big in the north as well during this time, including upstate NY. They had over 2 million members. 

-People who lost their jobs between 1893 and 1907 blamed minorities.

Multiple Choice

The belief that those born in a country are superior to immigrants.

• Philanthropy

• Muckraker

• Nativism

• Labor Union

Multiple Choice

What challenges did immigrants face in the US?

• They caught diseases
• Had trouble learning the language/faced prejudice
• Uncomfortable in the large homes in the US
• Difficult to study for the citizenship test

Multiple Choice

What did Nativists believe?

• Immigrants threatened the American way of Life and Democracy.

• White Protestants were superior to other immigrant groups.

• Immigrants stole jobs from native born Americans.

• All of the above.

Multiple Choice

What was the Chinese Exclusion Act?

• Letting Chinese in America with open arms

• Banning Chinese people from immigrating to the United States for 10 years

• The Europeans taking over China

• Italians Immigrating to China