Chemical Structure of Major Nutrients

7 Major Nutrients

Including the chemical structure of Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins

Multiple Choice

How many major nutrients are there?

• 7

• 4

• 2

• 13

Carbohydrates

- Essentially, they are made of sugar (glucose).

- Categorised based on how many sugar molecules are present.

SOURCES: Grass, vegetables and potatoes.

Carbohydrates - FUNCTION

Mainly used as a source of energy for all bodily processes to occur.

Types of Carbohydrates

• 1 Sugar - Monosaccharide

• 2 Sugars - Dissacharide

• 3+ Sugars - Polysaccharide

Multiple Choice

Carbohydrates are made up of...?

• Glucose

• Amino Acids

• Fatty Acids

• Water

Multiple Choice

A carbohydrate that contains 1 sugar.

• Polysaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Monosaccharide

• Single glucose molecule.

Multiple Choice

A carbohydrate that contains +3 sugars.

• Polysaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Monosaccharide

• Single glucose molecule.

Multiple Choice

A carbohydrate that contains 2 sugars.

• Polysaccharide

• Disaccharide

• Monosaccharide

• Single glucose molecule.

Proteins

- Made up of Amino Acids.

- Strings of Amino Acids are fused together by Peptide Bonds.

SOURCES: Meat, nuts and beans.

Proteins - FUNCTIONS

- Muscle repair.

- Tissue maintenance.

- Transportation of oxygen.

- Collagen production, to maintain tendons and ligaments.

Types of Amino Acids

• No Peptide Bonds - Amino Acids

• 2 Amino Acids joined by a peptide bond - Dipeptide

• 3+ Amino Acids joined by peptide bonds - Polypeptide Chain

Multiple Choice

The molecules Proteins are made up of are...?

• Glucose

• Fatty Acids

• Amino Acids

• Peptides

Multiple Choice

The name of the bond that joins together strings of amino acids.

• Pepsi

• Peptol

• Pepsin

• Peptide

Multiple Choice

The name of a protein that contains 2 amino acids joined by a peptide bond.

• Disaccharide

• Polypeptide

• Dipeptide

• Peptide

Multiple Choice

The name of a protein that contains +3 amino acids joined together by a peptide bond.

• Polypeptide

• Polysaccharide

• Amino Acid

• Peptide

Lipids

• Also called fats.

• Made of Fatty Acids which are composed of Carbon & Hydrogen atoms.

• Includes a Carboxyl Group at the end of the hydrocarbon chai

• (-COOH) Essential for enabling reactivity!

Lipids - FUNCTIONS

• Provides energy, insultation and organ protection.

• SOURCES: Milk, meat and nuts.

Multiple Choice

What is the alternate name for Lipids?

• Glucose

• Saturated

• Fat

• Carbon

Multiple Select

Select the 2 main chemical elements that makes up a Fatty Acid.

(Select more than 1 answer!)

• Amino Acids

• Carbon

• Polypeptides

• Hydrogen

Multiple Choice

Select the correct function for lipids.

• Insulation

• Muscle Repair

• Collagen Maintenance

• Transportation of Oxygen

Multiple Choice

What is required by a Fatty Acid to enable it to take part in other chemical reactions within the body?

• Carboxyl Chain

• Carboxyl Group

• Carboxyl Bond

• Carboxyl Sequence

Water

- Essential for all life on Earth!

- Mammalian bodies are made up of approximately 70% water.

- Molecules are made up of 1 oxygen atom and 2 hydrogen atoms.

SOURCES: Ingested or produced within the body via internal condensation.

Water - FUNCTIONS

- Hydration of cells in the body.

- Transportation of of nutrients.

- Thermoregulation

- To lubricate tissues and organs.

Vitamins

- 13 major vitamins!

- Examples: Vitamins C, B6 & D

- Only present in small quantities in food.

- Plants can make their own, animals cannot.

- Absorbed via water (water soluble) or via lipids (fat soluble).

SOURCES: Fruit, vegetables and fatty fish.

Vitamins - FUNCTIONS

- Can be provided as a supplement in a liquid, tablet or powder form.

- Required for coat/skin maintenance and growth.

Minerals

- Many minerals present in food: Calcium, Zinc, Sodium and Iron (to name a few!)

- Can also be provided as a supplement in tablet, liquid or powder form if necessary.

SOURCES: Fish, vegetables and meat.

Minerals - FUNCTIONS

- Nerve Function

- Blood Clotting

- Immunity

- Bone & Tooth Development

- Muscle Contractions

Fibre

- Dietary fibre is soured from plant based Carbohydrates.

SOURCES: Hay, brown rice and potato skins.

Fibre - FUNCTIONS

- Regular bowel movements.

- Essential source of energy for the bacteria in the gut.

Multiple Choice

How many major vitamins are there?

• 7

• 12

• 14

• 13

Multiple Choice

Select the correct function of minerals within an animal diet.

• Essential Energy

• Collagen Maintenance

• Blood Clotting

• Insulation

Multiple Choice

Where is fibre typically found?

• Meat

• Plant based carbohydrates.

• Dairy

• Tablet Supplements