Ch 11 Geology & Nonrewable Energy

Ch 11 Geology & Nonrewable Energy

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Open Ended

Define crust.

Open Ended

What is the lithosphere?

Multiple Choice

The five characteristics that all minerals share are:

• Definite Chemical Composition, Color, Density, Igneous, and Solid
• Definite Chemical Composition,  Crystal Structure, Inorganic, Naturally Occurring, and Solid
• Cleavage, Faces, Hardness, Metamorphic, and Streak
• Cleavage, Crystal Structure, Density, Igneous, and Solid

Multiple Select

How much does Earth’s tectonic plates move each year?

• millimeters

• centimeters

• inches

• feet

Fill in the Blanks

What causes earthquakes?

Multiple Choice

How can mineral depletion time be extended?

• reduce only

• reuse only

• recycle only

• recycling, reusing, and reducing consumption

Multiple Choice

Which is true?

• A mineral is a combination of igneous rocks, each of which is a chemically pure element or compound.

• A metamorphic rock is a combination of igneous rocks, each of which is a chemically pure element or compound.

• A rock is a combination of minerals, each of which is a chemically pure element or compound.

• A rock is made of a single type of mineral, which is a chemically pure element or compound.

• A mineral is a combination of rocks, each of which is a chemically pure element or compound.

Multiple Choice

How are metamorphic rocks formed?

• sediments compacted

• cooled magma & lava

• high pressures & temperatures

Multiple Choice

What are the processes that recycle the three types of rocks?

• plate movement and mantle convection

• melting and crystallizing of minerals

• erosion, melting, and metamorphism

Open Ended

What two factors determine which type of surface mining is to be used?

page 374 The real cost of gold is pollution

• About 90% of gold mines extract the mineral by spraying a solution of highly toxic cyanide salts onto piles of crushed rock.

• Until sunlight breaks down the cyanide, the settling ponds are extremely toxic to birds and mammals drawn to these ponds in search of water.

Multiple Choice

The environmental hazards of ________ include the introduction of cyanide into settling ponds, which are toxic to birds and mammals and can contaminate underground water supplies.

• copper mining

• lead smelting

• oil refining

• gold mining

• coal mining

Open Ended

Which 2 minerals have no known replacement? READ page 375 "There are no known substitutes..."

Multiple Choice

The lithosphere includes the

• Crust only

• Mantle only

• Crust and part of the mantle

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

This layer of the earth is the thinnest part

• crust

• outer core

• mantle

• inner core

Multiple Choice

This layer of the earth is the thickest part

• crust

• outer core

• mantle

• inner core

Multiple Choice

Which scientist is credited with the Theory of Plate Tectonics (modern version of the Theory of Continental Drift)?

• Alfred Wegener

• Charles Darwin

• Robert Hooke

• Charles Lyell

Multiple Choice

Which earth layer is made up of the upper mantle and the crust?

• core

• lower mantle

• asthenosphere

• lithosphere

Multiple Choice

What type of liquid rock is this?

• Lava

• Magma

• Volcano

Multiple Choice

What type of liquid rock is this?

• Lava 
• Magma 
• Volcano 

Multiple Choice

What type of rock is this? 

• Igneous
• Metamorphic
• Sedimentary 

Multiple Choice

What characteristic does this rock have? 

• Foliated
• Nonfoliated 
• Stratification 
• Layers 

Multiple Choice

As a result of the subduction of oceanic crust under a continent, magma is most likely to erupt from

• an oceanic ridge.

• and oceanic trench.

• an island arc.

• a volcano.

Multiple Choice

What layer of the earth are most plate made out of?

• mantle

• lithosphere

• asthenosphere

• basalt

Multiple Choice

Most earthquakes occur along or near the edges of the

• North American plate.

• ocean and lakes.

• Eurasian plate.

• lithospheric plates.

Multiple Choice

During regional metamorphism, rocks are changed mostly due to this:

• Pressure from tectonic activity
• Heat from magma
• Hot chemical fluids
• Weathering and Erosion

Multiple Choice

What is the name of this Metamorphic Rock?

• Marble
• Slate
• Gneiss
• Quartzite

Multiple Choice

Which rock family is composed of rocks that have been changed by heat, pressure, or chemicals?

• Sedimentary
• Metamorphic
• Lunar
• Igneous

Multiple Choice

Morph means what?

• change
• alter
• switch
• rearrange

Multiple Choice

Where does the heat that causes metamorphism come from?

• core
• mantle and magma
• fire

Multiple Choice

What sedimentary rock forms slate?

• sandstone
• limestone
• quartzite
• shale