Organic chemistry

Organic chemistry

ch 22-1 organic compounds

organic compounds

• covalently bonded compounds containing carbon, excluding carbonates and oxides.

• few exceptions, such as Na2CO3, CO, and CO2, that are considered inorganic. 

• All organic compounds contain carbon atoms.

• Aspirin, polyethylene in plastic bags, citric acid in the fruit, and amino acids in animals are all examples of organic compounds.

carbon atom is unique

• ability to form long chains and rings of covalently bonded atoms.

• catenation, the covalent bonding of an element to itself to form chains or rings.

carbon atom is unique

• carbon atoms bind readily to elements with similar electronegativities.

• Hydrocarbons are composed of only carbon and hydrogen; they are the simplest or ganic compounds

carbon atom is unique

• Other organic compounds contain hydrocarbon backbones to which other elements, primarily O, N, S, and the halogens, are attached.

• The bonding capabilities of carbon also allow for different arrangements of atoms.

structural-molecular

• Molecular formula indicates the elements and the number of each element present in the compound without specifiying the way the atoms are bonded.

• A structural formula indicates the number and types of atoms present in a molecule and also shows the bonding arrangement of the atoms.

Isomers

• Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called isomers.

Isomers

• Structural isomers, also called “constitutional isomers,” are isomers in which the atoms are bonded together in different orders

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Isomers

• Geometric isomers are isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different.

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Isomers

• Geometric isomers are isomers in which the order of atom bonding is the same but the arrangement of atoms in space is different.

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