Signal Phrases

Signal Phrases

Writing Clear and Responsible Essays

What are signal phrases?

Signal phrases are short phrases that introduce a quote, paraphrase, or summary; they signal to readers that an outside source is being used.

For example:

• A signal phrase introducing a quote:

  The CEO of Lighthouse Consulting predicts “a year of exciting, challenging endeavors that will expand the company’s horizons and stimulate growth throughout the company.” 

• A signal phrase introducing a paraphrase:

  According to a recent survey from Pew Research Center, more than 50% of adults in the U.S. play video games, with 21% engaging in this activity on a daily basis. 

• A signal phrase introducing a summary:

  The nutritionists Young and Robinson propose that an iron-fortified soy sauce is a solution to the anemia problem in the young women of rural China.

Why do we need them?

• To mark boundaries: Signal phrases mark boundaries between your words and the source’s words. By marking the boundaries, you also provide a smooth transition for the reader between your words and the source.

• To emphasize the source: Signal phrases call attention to the author or source being used. In some cases, such as a literature review or the use of a well-known author, specific information about the source is important for the reader to know.

• To avoid plagiarism: All source material must be cited, and signal phrases are one way to cite a source—however, additional citation formatting may be necessary depending on your citation style.