World Studies Chapter 13

World Studies Chapter 13

BJU

I. Laying the Foundation ​for Industry

• crop rotation—farming practice in which different crops are grown in a field to maintain the soil’s fertility

• These changes contributed to a large growth in the British population—from six and one-half million to nine million between 1750 and 1800.

• Greater demand for food led landowners to enclose the land in order to increase productivity.

• cottage industries

• Jethro Tull—developed a seed drill-placed seeds in rows across a plot of land​

• Andrew Meikle—developed a threshing machine-separate the wheat from the husks and stalks quickly

• Eli Whitney—invented the cotton gin-separate the cotton fibers from the seeds quickly

• Cyrus McCormick—invented a horse-drawn reaping machine​ reaping machine—cut wheat much more quickly

• John Fowler—developed one of the first known self-propelled steam engines​ steam tractor— could plow fields and dig drainage canals

• Industrial Revolution—name for the 18th and 19th centuries due to great changes in manufacturing

• factories—large buildings that are centrally located for the most efficient production of goods

• James Watt—made important improvements in the design of the steam engine that increased efficiency-provided the necessary power to pull heavy loads in the form of tractors and locomotives-Steam engines provided ​

  consistent and reliable power ​

  for the Industrial Revolution.

• John Kay—invented the flying shuttle

• entrepreneur—someone who sells inventions or starts a business for financial gain and accepts risk of personal loss

• Richard Arkwright—became one of the most famous entrepreneurs; got the government to protect several inventions with a patent

• patent—set of government-issued rights granted to an inventor to prevent others from copying and selling his invention for a certain amount of time​

• capital—supplied by bankers or wealthy investors to entrepreneurs to help them get their business

Multiple Choice

Which nation was dominant in Europe after Napoleon Bonaparte's defeat?

• Britain

• France

• Prussia

• Spain

Multiple Choice

Many British farmers moved to _________during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries

• the cities

• the countryside

• river deltas

• wooded areas

Multiple Choice

Who invented the reaping machine?

• James Hargreaves

• John Kay

• Cyrus McCormick

• Jethro Tull

Multiple Choice

This man invented the spinning jenny.

• James Hargreaves

• John Kay

• Andrew Meikle

• William Wilberforce

Multiple Choice

Who invented the flying shuttle?

• John Fowler

• John Kay

• Andrew Meikle

• Jethro Tull

Multiple Choice

This man improved the steam engine.

• Richard Arkwright

• Frederick Douglass

• John Kay

• James Watt

Multiple Choice

Who used patents to control the sales of inventions?

• Richard Arkwright

• John Fowler

• James Hargreaves

• John Wesley

Multiple Choice

This American invented the cotton gin.

• William Lloyd Garrison

• Cyrus McCormick

• James Watt

• Eli Whitney

Multiple Choice

Who developed a threshing machine?

• John Fowler

• John Kay

• Andrew Meikle

• William Wilberforce

Multiple Choice

This man developed a seed drill for placing seeds in even rows.

• John Fowler

• John Kay

• Andrew Meikle

• Jethro Tull

Multiple Choice

Who developed a self-propelled steam engine and tractor?

• John Fowler

• John Kay

• Andrew Meikle

• Jethro Tull

Multiple Choice

What is the practice of growing different crops in the same field from year to year?

• Crop Yielding

• Crop Rotation

• Crop Differential

Multiple Choice

What term describes the practice of weaving cloth at home rather than in a factory?

• Home Industry

• Weaving Industry

• Cottage Industry

Multiple Choice

What European country was the first to experience the Industrial Revolution?

• Germany

• France

• Britain

Multiple Choice

What centrally-located buildings became necessary for housing larger weaving machines?

• Factories

• Industrials

• Warehouses

Multiple Choice

What animal did many landowners raise to provide raw material for textile industries?

• Cows

• Sheep

• Chickens

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the era that was characterized by immense manufacturing changes during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries?

• The Revolution of Manufacturing

• The Workers Revolution

• The Industrial Revolution

Multiple Choice

The Agricultural Revolution occurred when several farmers demanded the right to grow corn on their own property.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

An entrepreneur is someone who develops business and makes a profit at the risk of personal loss.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The spinning jenny was used for processing thread into cotton.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The flying shuttle was used for harvesting wheat.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Capital is another name for money.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

A patent allows an inventor to profit from his invention without experiencing unfair competition.

• True

• False

II. Expansion of Industry and the Rise of Social Reform

• Cities were unprepared.​

• Workers often labored under terrible conditions.

• Fewer and fewer workers were needed on the farm, and families moved in order to find work.​

• Life in the crowded cities was difficult, and disease spread quickly by human contact or impure water.

• Skilled craftsmen often found themselves out of work as mass-produced and cheaper goods poured out of the factories.​

• Conditions in the factories ​were dangerous.

• Some workers also sought ​

  to improve their wages and working conditions by forming unions.

• 1833 Factory Act—placed limits on child labor​

• Mines Act (1842)—barred women as well as boys under the age of ten from working in the mines​

• Ten Hour Bill (1847)—restricted women and children to working a ten-hour day in any British industry

Great Awakening

• John Wesley—one of the greatest preachers in Britain during the 18th century; traveled throughout the country on horseback and preached around 42,000 sermons

• George Whitefield—an 18th-century British preacher with an international ministry

• Great Awakening—spiritual movement that brought many to salvation, started many churches, and prepared the American colonies for independence

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Negative results of the 1833 Factory Act were______

• all children were dismissed as workers in mills, children that could worked in dangerous old mills, and those who could not find work were forced to live on the streets

• all mills had to shut down and people lost their homes

• children could not attend school and had to work in dangerous factories for 12 hours a day and families lost there homes

Multiple Choice

Positive results from the 1833 Factory Act were_____

• children could work as many hours as they wanted, children could attend school for 1 hour and work on agricultural farms

• children under age 9 could no longer work, children ages 9-13 could work 8 hours and must go to school for 3 hours, inspectors were hired to monitor mills

• parents could use their children to work and earn extra money, children were able to go to school if they wanted and people could buy houses

Multiple Choice

City-dwellers experienced which difficulties during the Industrial Revolution?

• not enough houses and roads, pollution, poor sanitation, craftsmen out of work, long hours and low wages

• increased housing, good plumbing, high salaries

• war over land, housing failures, and no farming

Multiple Choice

How did factories affect family life?

• long hours, no time with children, developed financial security

• ability to grow many crops and build homes

• care for the elderly and make much money

Multiple Choice

John Wesley was part of which religious group?

• Baptists

• Methodists

• Presbyterians

• Quakers

Multiple Choice

The 1833 Factory Act placed limits on_____

• agricultural production

• child labor

• exploration

• slavery

Multiple Choice

Whom did the Mines Act bar from working in the coal mines?

• Jews

• Quakers

• Slaves

• Women

Multiple Choice

What British bill passed in 1847 restricted the working hours of women and children in any British industry?

• The Bill of 1847

• The 1833 Factory Act

• The Ten Hour Bill

Multiple Choice

The 1833 Factory Act required children to attend school for how many hours each day?

• Four Hours

• Eight Hours

• Three Hours

Multiple Choice

Positive changes to British society came primarily through government legislation rather than through spiritual conversion.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Spiritual revivals in England affected only the lower classes.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Industrial Revolution resulted in a smaller middle class.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Workers' unions developed during the Industrial Revolution.

• True

• False

III. End of the Slave Trade ​in the West

• Quakers were the first known religious group to challenge slavery.​

• John Newton—a former slave-ship captain who became a Christian in 1748; wrote the hymn “Amazing Grace”

• William Wilberforce—Christian in the English Parliament who led the effort to abolish slavery in the British Empire

• Committee for the Abolition of the Slave Trade—a group of Quakers and Anglicans who united their efforts for the opposition of slavery

• Abolished in Britain 1833

• 
  

In America

• William Lloyd Garrison—American abolitionist; editor of the newspaper The Liberator

• Frederick Douglass—a former slave in America; persuasive spokesman for abolition​ He was born a slave in Maryland.

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

• 
  

France and Rest of the World

• Napoleon sent troops to put down slave rebellions in various colonies, including Haiti.​

• In 1804 Haiti became one ​of the first French colonies to gain independence and to end French-imposed slavery.

• Some Muslim nations, including the Sudan in East Africa, continue to practice slavery.

• 
  

• 
  

Multiple Choice

England avoided violent revolution due to the spiritual conversion of many of its people.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

What effect did the cotton gin have on efforts to abolish American slavery?

• The machine made the work slaves did much easier

• The machine discouraged the abolition of slavery

• The machine made slave owners free their slaves

Multiple Choice

The ways that Englishmen and Americans fought slavery were_________

• wrote literature, gave speeches, petitions, bought land in West Africa, pressured African chiefs, used the navy, formed groups, and freed their own slaves

• demanded slaves escape, started a war with the African chiefs, gave out pamphlets, and hid the slaves

• sold their slaves, forced slave owners out of the government, and started a war in the American colonies

Multiple Choice

What American published the first known article in the American colonies that supported the freeing of slaves?

• John Fowler

• James Hargreaves

• John Newton

• Thomas Paine

Multiple Choice

The Great Awakening in the American colonies lasted for approximately _______years.

• five

• twenty

• forty

• one hundred

Multiple Choice

The African slave trade became a major industry during the Age of ________

• Enlightenment

• Exploration

• Renaissance

• Revolution

Multiple Choice

Who was involved in the slave trade as a slave-ship captain before he was saved?

• Richard Arkwright

• Andrew Meikle

• John Newton

• John Wesley

Multiple Choice

Which was the first known religious group to fight against the slave trade?

• Anglicans

• Baptists

• Methodists

• Quakers

Multiple Choice

Which American abolitionist was once a slave in Maryland?

• Frederick Douglass

• William Lloyd Garrison

• John Kay

• Jethro Tull

Multiple Choice

Which American edited an abolitionist newspaper called "The Liberator?"

• Richard Arkwright

• John Fowler

• William Lloyd Garrison

• James Watt

Multiple Choice

Who led the British parliament to end the British slave trade?

• James Watt

• John Wesley

• George Whitefield

• William Wilberforce

Multiple Choice

What French colony won independence from Napoleon's rule by a slave rebellion?

• Puerto Rico

• Haiti

• Honduras

Multiple Choice

In 1787, abolitionists founded the Committee for the Abolition of Slave Trade in what nation?

• Africa

• Britian

• America

Multiple Choice

George Whitefield preached the gospel in England, Wales, and ___________

• Germany

• France

• American colonies

Multiple Choice

John Newton wrote the words to what famous hymn?

• "Just As I Am"

• "Star Spangled Banner"

• "Amazing Grace"

Multiple Choice

The New York Manumission Society supported the ____of slavery.

• need

• abolition

• laws

Multiple Choice

"The Society of Friends" was another name for what religious group?

• The Methodists

• The Catholics

• The Quakers

• The Protestants

Multiple Choice

The European countries that experienced labor unrest in the mid-1800s were__________

• France, Hungary, the German territories, and Russia

• France, Italy, Germany, and Poland

• France, Germany, Poland, and Russia

Multiple Choice

The Quakers were a leading group in the British parliament.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

In America, about half of all southern landowners owned several slaves.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

The Great Awakening occurred after the American War for Independence.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Europe experienced no more revolutions after 1840.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Slavery continues in some Islamic countries today.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Jonathan Edwards the Younger supported the abolition of slavery in America.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Slavery in America ended during the French Revolution.

• True

• False