Cell organelle, structure and function exam style Q level 2

Cell organelle, structure and function exam style Q level 2

Multiple Choice

A student uses a microscope to compare a muscle cell and an epithelial (skin) cell. The student observes that the muscle cell has more mitochondria than the epithelial (skin) cell.

Which of the following conclusions is best supported by this observation?

• The muscle cell does not require ATP to function.

• The epithelial cell requires more ATP than the muscle cell.

• The muscle cell requires more ATP than the epithelial cell.

• The epithelial cell does not require ATP to function.

Mitochondria produce energy

• Mitochondria produce ATP (energy)

• They do this through a chemical reaction called cellular respiration

• There are different numbers of mitochondria in each cell type

• The more energy a cell needs, the more mitochondria it will have

• Muscles are active cells, used for movement, so they need a lot of energy

Multiple Choice

The diagram below represents a rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Which of the following best describes the function of the structures labeled X?

• They package proteins for export out of the cell.

• They contain enzymes that digest unnecessary or damaged cell parts.

• They translate mRNA into amino acid sequences (protein synthesis)

• They are where template DNA is transcribed to mRNA.

Ribosomes

• The rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) is called rough because it has ribosomes on

• The ribosomes are made from rRNA and proteins

• Their role is in protein synthesis

• They join the amino acids together with peptide bonds, using mRNA as a template

Multiple Choice

Chlorophyll a is a pigment that absorbs light energy from the sun and gives plants their green colour.

Which of the following plant cell structures is most likely to contain chlorophyll a?

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

• Mitochondria

• Ribosome

Chloroplasts

• Chloroplasts use solar energy (sunlight) to make glucose

• They do this through a chemical reaction called photosynthesis

• Chlorophyll is the pigment inside the organelle that traps the sunlight

• It is what gives it, and plants, their green colour

Multiple Choice

A lack of water can cause plant cells to become flaccid. This gives the plant a wilted appearance as shown in the figure below.

Which of the following cell structures is most likely responsible for the plant’s wilted appearance?

• Mitochondria

• Ribosomes

• Nucleus

• Vacuole

Vacuoles

• In plant cells, the central vacuole stores water to maintain turgor pressure

• When it is full, the plant is turgid and will keep it's shape

• When there is not enough water, the plant is flaccid and will lose it's shape

Multiple Choice

A cytologist uses a microscope to compare a liver cell and a skin cell. She observes that the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) of the liver is larger and contains more folds than the smooth ER of the skin cell.

Which of the following is best supported by this observation?

• The skin cell is able to break down toxic substances more efficiently than the liver cell.

• The liver cell is able to produce more proteins than the skin cell.

• The liver cell is able to synthesise lipids more efficiently than the skin cell.

• The skin cell is able to generate more ATP than the liver cell.

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

• The SER synthesises lipids and breaks down toxic molecules

• These chemical reactions happen on the cell membrane

• The more folded it is, the more surface area there is for these chemical reactions, so the faster they will happen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes how the internal environment of a lysosome compares to the environment of the cytoplasm?

• The internal environment of a lysosome contains ribosomes and the cytoplasm does not.

• The internal environment of a lysosome is surrounded by a membrane and the cytoplasm is not.

• The internal environment of a lysosome is more acidic than the cytoplasm,.

Lysosomes

• Lysosomes are like the stomach of the cell

• They digest/degrade/break things down

• To to this they use digestive enzymes

• The enzymes are need acidic conditions