Introduction to Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons

Prepared for CSEC Chemistry

By Nicole Kerr-Walker

Objectives

• identify different organic compounds

• identify natural gas and petroleum as natural sources of hydrocarbons

• give (experimental) differences between hydrocarbons

• write fully displayed structures

Poll

Can you write observations comparing alkanes and alkenes?

• Yes, I can give observation differences between alkanes and alkenes

• Somewhat, I think I know one or two differences

• No, I really don't know anything

Sources of Hydrocarbons

• Fractional Distillation is used to separate substances with close boiling points.

• The lower and heavier fractions have a higher boiling point

• The smaller hydrocarbons with low boiling points rises and condenses on bubble caps at the respective boiling points

Multiple Choice

Which fraction collects at the top of the fractionating column?

• Bitumen

• Kerosene

• Petrol

• Refinery Gas

Multiple Choice

What substances are NOT present in refinery gas?

• methane (C1)

• ethane (C2)

• propane (C3)

• octane (C8)

Experimental

• Which hydrocarbon will produce a yellow sooty flame?

• Which hydrocarbon will produce a clean blue flame?

• What a the constituents of liquid petroleum gas?

Structural formula

Draw structure of a compund containing 6 carbons.

General formula CnH2n+2

Structural Formula

Draw an alkene with 6 carbon atoms.

General formula: CnH2n

Multiple Choice

Both alkanes and alkenes react rapidly with aqueous bromine at room temperature.

• True

• False

Multiple Choice

Both alkanes and alkenes react rapidly with aqueous bromine at room temperature.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

Alkanes are known as saturated hydrocarbons because they contain only carbon-hydrogen single bonds.

• True
• False

Multiple Choice

The molecular formula for Heptane is

• C₄H₁₀
• C₇H₁₈
• C₅H₁₂
• C₇H₁₆

Multiple Choice

If an alkene reacts with a halogen, it is known as what type of reaction?

• Addition

• Combustion

• Polymerisation

• Hydrogenation

Multiple Choice

What is the suffix for double bond hydrocarbons ?

• -ol

• -ene

• -ane

• -one

Multiple Choice

In complete combustion, the products are?

• Carbon monoxide and water

• Carbon dioxide and water

• Carbon dioxide and carbon

• Carbon and water

Multiple Choice

Which formula represents an unsaturated hydrocarbon?

• A
• B
• C
• D

Multiple Choice

Name this alkane

• Methane
• Ethane
• Propane
• Butane

Multiple Choice

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain

• Carbon, only

• Carbon and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen, only

Multiple Choice

Hydrocarbons are compounds that contain

• Carbon, only

• Carbon and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, and Hydrogen, only

• Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen, only

Structural Formula

Draw an alkene with 6 carbon atoms.

General formula: CnH2n

Poll

Self Assessment

Can you do the following?

• List the uses of hydrocarbons

• Explain how crude oil is separated

• draw structural formula of hydrocarbons

• give the general formula of hydrocarbons

• give (experimental) differences between hydrocarbons

References

• https://www.gaageegoo.info/2014/12/carbon-and-its-compounds-bhydrocarbons.html?m=1

• https://2012books.lardbucket.org/books/introduction-to-chemistry-general-organic-and-biological/s16-unsaturated-and-aromatic-hydro.html

• https://www.gaageegoo.info/2014/12/carbon-and-its-compounds-bhydrocarbons.html?m=1

• https://www.slideserve.com/lance/hydrocarbon-names

• https://docbrown.info/page04/OilProducts05.htm

• http://www.3rd1000.com/chem301/chem301j.htm

• https://www.facebook.com/engrandarch/posts/426357158059810