Life in the Territory- Growth and Change

Lesson 1

Growth and Change

Essential Question

How did New Mexico change in its early days as a territory?

New Mexico Territory 1850

• People from the US and from all over the world began settling in New Mexico

• Their arrival changed the cultural, economic, and geographic face of New Mexico

• Photo Credit: Wagon Trains Arriving in the Santa Fe Plaza, ca. 1861. Photo courtesy Museum of New Mexico.

Multiple Select

Their arrival changed the ... face of New Mexico. Choose all that apply.

• cultural

• economic

• geologic

• geographic

Lesson 1 Growth and Change Key Ideas

• New trails brought more people and businesses to New Mexico in the late 1800s

• The Catholic Church faced challenges from new Christian missionaries as well as from their new bishop

• Federal land policies encouraged more settlement, but life was difficult for homesteaders

• The railroad fueled economic growth in New Mexico

New trails brought more people and businesses to New Mexico in the late 1800s

View of Santa Fe Plaza in the 1850's

Santa Fe Art Museum

First,

Recall the old trails

Early 1800s

Other than Mountain Men, traders, and US soldiers few outsiders had ever stepped foot in New Mexico prior to 1850.

New Mexico Settlement 1821-1846

• Note Location of Semi-Nomadic tribes

• Pueblo and Spanish live in many settlements together

• http://online.nmartmuseum.org/nmhistory/utilities/maps/trade-expansion-map.html

Multiple Select

Check the Semi Nomadic Tribes you see on the 2 previous maps.

• Navajo

• Pueblo

• Ute

• Apache

Ancient Trails

Recall the following map we have used in class

Multiple Choice

The previous map shows:

• a road map of Indian reservations

• images that show assimilation

• Native American trade routes superimposed over a political map of the United State

• Interstate map of the United States of America

Recall these trails from early 19th century New Mexico (1800s)

• Santa Fe Trail

• El Camino Real

• Old Spanish Trail

Multiple Choice

Look at the map. Which trail runs north and south from Mexico City, Mexico to Santa Fe, New Mexico?

• Santa Fe Trail

• El Camino Real

• Old Spanish Trail

Multiple Choice

Look at the map. Which trail runs east to west from Independence, Missouri to Santa Fe, New Mexico?

• Santa Fe Trail

• El Camino Real

• Old Spanish Trail

Multiple Choice

Look at the map. Which trail runs east to west from Santa Fe, NM to Los Angeles, California?

• Santa Fe Trail

• El Camino Real

• Old Spanish Trail

Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo

By signing the treaty, Mexico agreed to give up all claims to Texas. Mexico also agreed to cede, or hand over, more than a third of its land to the United States.

New Mexico became a territory in 1850

New Mexico Territory was formed when Mexico ceded land to the United States in the Treaty of Guadalupe.

Multiple Choice

New Mexico became a US territory in 1850. Which important historical event made this possible?

• Louisiana Purchase

• The Treaty of Guadalupe

• The Lewis and Clark Expedition

• The Navajo Long Walk

Next,

Look at these new trails

Two Major Trails

In the mid 19th century (1800s) there were two main trails besides the earlier trails that were often difficult to follow. Cooke's Wagon road was opened in 1847. It was the first wagon route linking New Mexico to California.

Multiple Choice

Look at the map on the previous slide. Which city in Arizona, do you see on the map?

• Phoenix

• Flagstaff

• Tucson

• Tuba City

Multiple Select

Which cities have a relative location in California? Check two.

• Santa Fe

• Tucson

• Los Angeles

• San Diego

Butterfield Overland Trail

The trail opened in 1858. The 2,800-mile journey from the trail’s starting point in Missouri to its ending point in San Francisco could be traveled in 25 days. Stagecoaches were the main form of transportation. Stagecoaches carried passengers and goods. But their most important item was the U.S. Mail. The mail brought important news from the outside world as well as valuable

letters, both business and personal.

Multiple Choice

What does the previous slide state was the most important thing that was carried by stagecoaches?

• people

• manufactured goods

• mail

Stagecoach Stops

Read the following map. Look at the key on the left side to locate places on the Butterfield Stagecoach route in New Mexico.

Multiple Choice

Find Fort Filmore on the map. Which city is located south of it on Interstate 10?

• Lincoln City, NM

• Silver City, NM

• Deming, NM

Multiple Choice

What is the name of the "Station" on the New Mexico-Arizona State line?

• Stein's

• Ojo de Vaca

• Magdalena Gap

• Mexican Springs

Multiple Choice

Which trail was used earlier and was difficult to follow?

• Old Spanish Trail

• Cookes Wagon Trail

• Butterfield Overland Trail

Stagecoach Travel was uncomfortable and dangerous because

• horses and mules could panic

• if you had to jump you had a 90% chance of getting hurt

Stagecoach Travel was uncomfortable and dangerous because

• possible attack by outlaws or indians

• food and lodging at way stations was usually poor quality

Taking a trip on an overland stagecoach

Look at the image on the previous slide. You can see a team of horses pulling a stagecoach along an overland trail. Travel on the bumpy road was very rough. Use the image and the previous slides to infer and write about what it would be like to travel this way. Put yourself in the place of a traveler in the mid 19th century (1800s). Write a letter to your mother to tell her about your trip. Use this as a sentence starter. "Dearest Mother, Today was the roughest day yet...

Open Ended

Use the image and the previous slides to infer and write about what it would be like to travel this way. Put yourself in the place of a traveler in the mid 19th century (1800s). Write a letter to your mother to tell her about your trip. Use this as a sentence starter. "Dearest Mother, Today was the roughest day yet...