Human Geography of Southwest Asia/The North East
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Geography
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9th Grade
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Medium
Spencer Clark
Used 10+ times
FREE Resource
22 Slides • 12 Questions
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Human Geography of Southwest Asia/The North East
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Multiple Choice
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A Blend of Cultures
The nations in this subregion include Turkey, Iran, Iraq, and Afghanistan. They are predominantly Muslim. Only Iraq is Arabic in its cultural life.
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A Blend of Cultures
Several of the ancient world’s great civilizations were based in this subregion. Part of the cultural hearth known as the Fertile Crescent is located here. Some of the earliest civilizations developed in the area that is now Iraq. They grew up along the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. Sumer, Babylon, Assyria, and Chaldea all built empires in Mesopotamia, the “land between the rivers.”
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A Blend of Cultures
The people who live in this subregion claim membership in such ethnic groups as Kurds, Turks, Persians, and Assyrians. They speak languages such as Turkish and Farsi.
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A Blend of Cultures
Some tensions exist between different ethnic groups, even though most follow the principles of Islam. After the death of Muhammad, Muslims divided into two main branches—the Sunni and the Shi’ite. About four out of five of all Muslims are Sunni. Most Iranians are Shi’ite.
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Multiple Choice
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Clashes Over Land
The Kurds have been called a stateless nation. At the end of World War I, they were promised a homeland, but never received it. Clashes between the Kurds and the governments of Turkey, Iran, and Iraq have prevented the creation of a nation-state for the Kurds.
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Clashes Over Land
Because of its location, Iran has become home to many refugees. In fact, Iran has the largest refugee population of any nation in the world. Shi’ite Iraqis were persecuted by the Iraqi government. They sought refuge with fellow Shi’ites in Iran, though some began to return in 2002
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Clashes Over Land
In 1990–1991, Iraq invaded Kuwait. This began the Persian Gulf War. The United States and 32 other nations fought to drive the Iraqis out of Kuwait and to keep access to Kuwait’s oil fields open.
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Multiple Choice
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
President George W. Bush declared war on terrorism after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Within a month of the attacks, the United States and coalition forces fought in Afghanistan, where the terrorists responsible for the attacks were harbored.
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
The Taliban, a fundamentalist Muslim political group, was protecting Osama bin Laden and his al-Qaeda terrorist network in Afghanistan.
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
On October 7, 2001, U.S.-led coalition forces launched Operation Enduring Freedom. By March 2002, the Taliban had been removed from power.
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
A transitional government, headed by Hamid Karzai, replaced the repressive regime. But some Taliban and al-Qaeda leaders, including Osama bin Laden, escaped the coalition forces.
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
The United Nations ordered Saddam Hussein to destroy his biological and chemical weapons after the Persian Gulf War ended in 1991. President George W. Bush believed that the Iraqi dictator was continuing to develop weapons of mass destruction (WMD).
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
American and British forces launched Operation Iraqi freedom in March 2003, but no WMD were found. Saddam was removed from power and later executed.
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CLASHES OVER LEADERSHIP
The long process of working toward democracy in Iraq began. A new constitution was adopted, and in 2005, Jalal Talabani, a Kurd, was elected president.
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Multiple Choice
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Reforming Economies
Turkey is developing its water resources and hydroelectric plants to supply energy. Turkey also produces significant amounts of steel. Since it straddles Europe and Asia, Turkey is ideally located for trade.
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Reforming Economies
Changes in Iran’s government have impacted the country’s economic progress. In 1997, the reformist government supported economic growth. Anti-reformists have ruled since 2005. Since then, Iran’s economy has remained flat.
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Reforming Economies
War and political problems in Iraq and Afghanistan have prevented the countries from improving their economies. Rebellion against U.S forces and religious conflicts in Iraq have been sources of violence. The Iraqi people have lacked food, medical supplies, electricity, and gasoline.
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Reforming Economies
Afghanistan is one of the world’s poorest nations. Most of the population is engaged in agriculture and animal herding. However, opium is the country’s most profitable crop. The war against the Taliban interrupted efforts to bring progress to the area.
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Multiple Choice
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Modern and Traditional Life
Each of the nations in this subregion faces struggles over ways of life. Some people want to modernize. Others wish to preserve traditional ways.
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Modern and Traditional Life
Nowhere was this more visible than in Afghanistan. There, the Taliban imposed rigid rules on society. After the regime was toppled in 2002, the new government began restoring civil liberties and improving education. In Turkey, Iran, and Iraq, similar groups exist but have not gained control of the governments.
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Multiple Choice
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Multiple Choice
Human Geography of Southwest Asia/The North East
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