6B/6D: Genetic Code and Gene Expression

6B/6D: Genetic Code and Gene Expression

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Multiple Choice

6B Organisms can be classified based on homology, which is shared characteristics inherited from a common ancestor. In the past, homologies were based on studies of anatomical structures and patterns of embryonic development. In more recent years, the use of molecular biology techniques has allowed homologies to be compared at the level of nucleotide sequences. Nucleotide sequence comparisons are possible because all organisms share which of the following?

• DNA bases

• Cellular organelles

• Division of the nuclear chromosomes

• Types of proteins needed for cellular functions

Multiple Choice

All organisms share the same:

• Genome

• Proteins

• DNA Bases

• Phenotypes

Multiple Choice

6B A genome-wide association study involves searching the genomes of many people in order to find genetic variations associated with common diseases such as cancer, asthma, and diabetes. These studies are possible because of computer databases that allow researchers to compare the genomes of people who do not have a particular condition with the genomes of people who have the condition. In order to do this type of testing, researchers need blood samples or cheek swabs from people. Obtaining these samples is necessary because blood and cheek cells contain —

• plasma and platelets

• a complete set of DNA

• essential proteins and amino acids

• a large number of neutrophils

Multiple Choice

6B Which of these components are found in the cells of all living organisms?

• Estrogen and testosterone

• Hemoglobin and lymphocytes

• Cytosine and guanine

• Cellulose and chlorophyll

Multiple Choice

6B: Scientists used zebra fish to study human genetic diseases because zebra fish and humans share many of the same genetic diseases. Which statement describes why zebra fish experience similar genetic diseases as humans?

• Zebra fish have an omnivorous diet similar to that of humans

• Zebra fish have nucleotide sequences similar to those of humans

• Zebra fish go through embryonic stages similar to those of humans

• Zebra fish produce gametes through a process that is similar to that of humans

Multiple Choice

All your cells have the same DNA

• True

• False

Do your brain cells and skin cells have the same DNA?

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Multiple Choice

6D From a single fertilized ovum undergoing a series of rapid cell divisions, a human infant develops. The embryonic cells become specialized for a variety of functions. Which of these statements best describes how different cell types develop?

• Each cell type contains only the active parts of the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell type has only one chromosome containing the DNA needed for that cell type.

• Each cell has an identical copy of DNA with enzymes controlling the expression of specific genes, leading to a variety of cells.

• Each cell has multiple copies of DNA that are affected in different ways by the environment to change the function of the cell at regular intervals.

Multiple Choice

What is the name for undifferentiated cells?

• Skin cells

• Stem cells

• Mitotic cells

• Egg cells

Multiple Choice

The process by which a cell becomes specialized for a specific structure or function.

• cell multiplication
• cell division
• mitosis
• cell differentiation

Gene expression= Gene activation

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Multiple Choice

6D Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The use of different methods of cell division

Multiple Choice

6D CRISPR-Cas9 is a genetic modification technique that edits parts of the genome of an organism. Using this technique scientists can add, remove, or modify sections of the DNA sequence.

How can scientists use this technique to control gene expression?

• By activating or deactivating specific genes

• By calculating the number of genes different organisms produce

• By identifying how closely related one individual is to another

• By determining the number of chromosomes in an organism

Multiple Choice

Gene expression is regulated by:

• Internal factors

• External factors

• Both

Internal Factors

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Multiple Select

Which are internal factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Genetics

• Temperature

• Mutations

• Drugs

• Radiation

External Factors

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Multiple Select

Which are external factors that influence gene expression?

Select two answers

• Mutations

• Temperature

• Gender

• Genetics

• Drugs

Internal or External Factor?

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Multiple Choice

6D: The arctic fox inhabits northern areas of North America. The same arctic fox is shown in the drawing at different times of the year. What causes this change in fur color?

• The alleles for fur color change as the arctic fox grows older

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by latitude

• The arctic fox has two traits for fur color that are determined at birth

• Gene expression for fur color is regulated by temperature

Multiple Choice

6D At birth Himalayan rabbits are usually white over their entire bodies. But when parts of their bodies reach temperatures below 35°C, a pigment that causes these parts to turn black is produced. Which of the following is most likely the cause of this phenomenon?

• Poor blood circulation

• Infection caused by cold temperatures

• Gene expression that is regulated by temperature

• A trait that is both sex-linked and hormone-dependent