STAAR Review Day 5

STAAR Review Day 5

Multiple Choice

12B Some species of millipedes will roll into a ball when threatened, while other species of millipedes can secrete noxious chemicals from their bodies.

These adaptations allow the millipedes to —

• survive in different temperatures

• avoid different types of predators

• conserve different amounts of energy

• blend into different types of environments

Multiple Choice

12B: The Indian leaf butterfly has traits that allow it to resemble a leaf. The bright colors of the monarch butterfly indicate that the butterfly tastes bad and can be poisonous. How does the appearance of these butterflies help them survive?

• The Indian leaf butterfly is able to avoid predators while the monarch butterfly warns predators away.

• The Indian leaf butterfly frightens predators away while the monarch butterfly poisons predators before they can eat it

• Both butterflies rely on camouflage to avoid predator

• Both butterflies cooperate with one another to avoid predation.

Multiple Choice

12A In any environment or ecosystem, organisms can have several different types of relationships. Three types of relationships are described.

Which of these correctly describes the relationships between the organisms?

• X: mutualism

  Y: parasitism

  Z: commensalism

• X: commensalism

  Y: mutualism

  Z: parasitism

• X: parasitism

  Y: commensalism

  Z: mutualism

• X: commensalism

  Y: parasitism

  Z: mutualism

Multiple Choice

12 A Some relationships between different organisms are shown in the table.

Which table correctly identifies each type of interaction described?

Multiple Choice

12C A partial meadow food web is shown. Based on this food web, which organisms are direct sources of energy for secondary consumers?

• Aphid, Bird, Rabbit

• Ladybug, Fox, Dragonfly

• Frog, Butterfly, Berries

• Mouse, Snake, Hawk

Multiple Choice

12C A marine ecosystem is represented.

What is lost to the environment at each of the trophic levels of this ecosystem?

• Nutrients from the soil

• Living space for the organisms

• Food sources

• Heat

Multiple Choice

12C A biomass pyramid of an ecosystem is shown.

Which statement provides the best explanation for the difference in biomass of organisms found at each trophic level?

• Organisms at higher trophic levels have less energy available to them than organisms at lower trophic levels.

• Organisms at higher trophic levels require smaller habitats than organisms at lower trophic levels.

• Organisms at lower trophic levels provide less energy than organisms at higher trophic levels.

• Organisms at lower trophic levels outcompete organisms at higher trophic levels.

Multiple Choice

11B During secondary succession, which of these best describes why decomposing pioneer plants give way to larger, more complex plants species, such as hardwood trees?

• Increased amounts of sunlight are able to reach the ground while the pioneer species are decomposing.

• Increased soil temperatures from decomposing pioneer species help tree seeds germinate more quickly.

• Increased amounts of decomposing pioneer species remove nutrients that tree seedlings need to grow and mature.

• Increased amounts of soil from decomposing pioneer species allow plants with more extensive root systems to become established.

Multiple Choice

12E Amphibians are dying in large numbers after being infected by an aquatic fungus called Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. The origin of this fungus is unknown, but scientists suspect that humans are helping spread it. More than 350 amphibian species have been affected, and at least 200 species of frogs have suffered serious reductions in population or become extinct. The map shows the worldwide distribution of B. dendrobatidis.

What will be the most likely impact of the decline in frog populations resulting from the fungal infection?

• New species of frogs that feed on both the fungus and the infected species of frogs will evolve.

• Plants will no longer grow in the waters of the affected ecosystems, and fish species will increase.

• The fungus will move on land and destroy reptile and mammal populations in tropical ecosystems.

• Populations of algae and mosquitoes will increase, leading to fish die-offs and potential increases in human malaria cases.

Multiple Choice

12E In recent years humans have interfered with the natural balance within deer populations in various ecosystems. The interference includes eliminating predators of the deer. Which of the following statements correctly describes the long-term outcome of this interference?

• The deer that are the fastest and most agile will survive and reproduce.

• The deer population will be too large to be supported by producers

• Other browsing species will thrive and outcompete the deer.

• The producers will evolve into species that are less palatable to the deer

Multiple Choice

12E The San Marcos salamander, Eurycea nana, is a light reddish-brown translucent salamander about 2–5 cm in length. E. nana is found only in Spring Lake and a portion of the San Marcos River.

Which human activity would most likely decrease the ability of the salamanders to survive?

• Increasing water consumption that decreases the flow of clean water from the springs that feed the river

• Public transportation that reduces the number of automobiles that contribute to pollution runoff into the river

• Tourism that helps fund the educational programs related to river ecosystem conservation

• The addition of a new food source into the river that limits competition for resources