Patterns and Properties of Written Texts

Patterns and Properties of Written Texts

Prepared by: Ms. Ellainne Mae Joy S. Jumalon

Writing

• is the process of choosing the appropriate letters, characters, and

  symbols to be written on paper or encoded in a computer.

• It is a skill that you

  should hone in order to express ideas, concepts, or feelings in a nonverbal way.

Reading

• on the other hand, is an act of decoding the letters, characters, or symbols that were written, posted, or published.

• It is a skill that involves critical thinking in order to fully understand the texts or symbols read.

• It is reading that plays a significant role in your learning because it directs you to the path of infinite potentials to gain information, to learn new skills, to grasp reality, to explore the world, to unveil the truths, and to discover greatest treasures in life.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

• Compare and contrast patterns of written texts across disciplines;

• Evaluate a written text based on its properties (organization, coherence and cohesion, language use and mechanics)

• 
  

The eight patterns of development are:

• Cause-Effect

• Classification

• Comparison-Contrast

• Definition

The eight patterns of development are

• Description

• Narration

• Persuasion

• Problem-Solution

Identify the patterns of development

Multiple Choice

_{Freedom itself, may be the root of injustice. A billionaire publisher, righteously claiming freedom as is beacon may oppress his employees, intimidate his rivals or corrupt officials to protect and enlarge his empire. Freedom then becomes a social menace. Freedom as value as discussed in Sherds. In a major scene, the potter artist, PG Golngco is asked: “Do you believe in art as social protest? Goya and Picasso used their art politically.”}

_{Golangco replies: “I would ask you to permit any artist all the freedom he needs. Art thrives on freedom. The artist is free to determine his purpose.”}

_{The artist is challenged by an academic. “Freedom is a political condition. And you have freedom because you are very rich and can afford to speak your mind, because you do not care whatever the consequences. Mr. Golangco, you are free because you have the influence and the money to buy your freedom. But what about the artists of the people? Who are not pampered like you? Who are denied}

_{this precious freedom?}

• Cause-Effect

• Definition

• Description

• Narration

• Problem-Solution

Context clues

are hints given by the author in a written text to help the reader grasp the meaning of the unfamiliar or unusual word.

Multiple Choice

It was an idyllic day - sunny, warm, and perfect for a walk in the park

• Synonyms Context clues

• Definition Context Clues

• Antonyms Context Clues

Multiple Choice

Diane was lethargic; she didn't have the energy to get out of bed.

• Synonyms Context clues

• Definition Context Clues

• Antonyms Context Clues

Multiple Choice

Marty is gregarious, unlike his brother who is quiet and shy.

• Synonyms Context clues

• Definition Context Clues

• Antonyms Context Clues

Definition

text explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class, along with any limitations. It explains the nature of something and moves beyond a dictionary definition to deeply examine the word, idea, or concept as we use and understand it. It expounds the word, concept, or idea so that the reader

Multiple Choice

is the literal meaning of a word which means that consulting the dictionary is the best way for it

• Denotation

• Connotation

Multiple Choice

is the feeling or idea that the word suggests to its literal meaning. It is

an expression of how one perceives a word based on his/her background or

experiences.

• Denotation

• Connotation

Some expressions that signal a definition text are:

contain, make-up, involves, is/are, means, is defined as, refers to, appears to be, as, and pertains to.

When phrases like “because” or “that are” follow a word, these may be explanations. Meanwhile, definitions may follow an unfamiliar word. Terms like “is,” “means,” “is defined as,” and “refers to” are used with definitions.

Multiple Choice

ONLINE VS. CLASSROOM INSTRUCTION (AN EXCERPT)

BY KORI MORGAN

...As universities make greater use of Internet resources, online classes have continued to grow in popularity and effectiveness. Online courses let students learn at their own pace, accomplish assignments on their schedules, and acquire the same knowledge as they would in a traditional, classroom-based course. Just like traditional classes, online instructors use discussion, assignments, and community to educate students. However, their means of execution for these tools are quite

different.

• Cause-effect

• problem-solution

• Comparison and Contrast

• Narration

• Description

Comparison and Contrast

The comparison involves the identification of similarities of at least two things, ideas, concepts, or persons being compared while contrast encompasses the identification of differences between or among two subjects or topics.

signal words

similarly, in like manner, and in the same way present similarities or comparison while expressions like on the contrary, the opposite, compared to, in contrast, although, unless, however, signify differences or contrast

Multiple Choice

Kids who are bullied can experience negative physical, social, emotional, academic, and mental health issues. Kids who are bullied are more likely to experience:

• Depression and anxiety, increased feelings of sadness and loneliness,

changes in sleep and eating patterns, and loss of interest in activities they used to enjoy. These issues may persist into adulthood.

• Health complaints

• Decreased academic achievement—GPA and standardized test score —and school participation. They are more likely to miss, skip, or drop out of school.

A very small number of bullied children might retaliate through extremely violent measures. In 12 of 15 school shooting cases in the 1990s, the shooters had a history of being bullied.

• Classification

• Problem-solution

• Cause-effect

• Narration

• Persuasion

Cause and effect

A cause and effect present why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects, and how it is related to something else. It is a relationship between an action and a reaction where an action if taken, would result in a reaction.

The cause is a reason for an action or condition that brings an effect while

the effect is something that follows an antecedent (such as a cause or agent).

Signal words

A cause of, because of, for, due to, as, and since are cue words to signify a cause.

On the other hand, some expressions that signify effect are, therefore, consequently, so, so that, thus, the explanation for, and accordingly.

Multiple Choice

_{Types of Bullying}

_{There are three types of bullying:}

_{Verbal bullying is saying or writing mean things. Verbal bullying includes:}

_{• Teasing}

_{• Name-calling}

_{Social bullying, sometimes referred to as relational bullying, involves hurting someone’s reputation or relationships. Social bullying includes:}

_{• Leaving someone out on purpose}

_{• Telling other children not to be friends with someone}

_{Physical bullying involves hurting a person’s body or possessions. Physical bullying includes:}

_{• Hitting/kicking/pinching}

_{• Spitting}

_{• Making mean or rude hand gestures}

• Description

• Persuasion

• Classification

• Cause-effect

Classification

*pattern of written text groups or classifies items or things into their parts, types, kinds, or categories. 
*The signal words to indicate that the classification pattern of written text is used are a part of, a kind of, a group of, a way of, a class of, an example of, divided into, and comprised of.  

Multiple Choice

_{How My Brother Leon Brought Home A Wife (An Excerpt) By Manuel E. Arguilla}

_{She stepped down from the carretela of Ca Celin with a quick, delicate grace. She was lovely. She was tall. She looked up to my brother with a smile, and her forehead was on a level with his mouth. "You are Baldo," she said and placed her hand lightly on my shoulder. Her nails were long, but they were not painted. She was fragrant like a morning when papayas are in bloom. And a small dimple appeared momently high on her right cheek. "And this is Labang of whom I have heard so much." She held the wrist of one hand with the other and looked at Labang, and Labang never stopped chewing his cud. He swallowed and brought up to his mouth more cud and the sound of his insides was like a drum. I laid a hand on Labang's massive neck and said to her: "You may scratch his forehead now." She hesitated and I saw that her eyes were on the long, curving horns. But she came and touched Labang's forehead with her long fingers, and Labang never stopped chewing his cud except that his big eyes half closed. And by and by she was scratching his forehead very daintily.}

• Narration

• Persuasion

• Problem-solution

• Description

Description

 as a pattern of written texts refers to identifying concrete details about appearances, characteristics, and actions. 

Description

Adjectives and adverbs are abundant in descriptive texts. Adjectives are used to denote quality, to indicate quantity or extent, or to specify a thing as distinct from something else, and adverbs used to modify verb, adjectives, or another adverb can be used to signal description. 

Multiple Choice

The Monkey and the Crocodile (A Tagalog Fable)

One day, a monkey saw a tall macopa tree laden with ripe fruits, which stood by a wide river. It was hungry, so it climbed the tree and ate all of the fruits. When it climbed down, it could find no means by which to cross the river. Then it saw a young crocodile who had just woken up from its siesta. It said to the crocodile in a friendly way, “My dear crocodile, will you do me a favor?”

The crocodile was greatly surprised by the monkey’s amicable salutation. So, it answered humbly, “Oh, yes! If there is anything I can do for you, I shall be glad to do it.” The monkey then told the crocodile that it wanted to get to the other side of the river. Then the crocodile said, “I’ll take you there with all my heart. Just sit on my back, and we’ll go at once.”

• Cause-effect

• problem-solution

• Narration

• Persuasion

Narration

*Narration deals with stories. 

* When you write a narrative, you are expected to tell a story, whether it is real or imaginary. You use your creativity and imagination on how are you going to bring your characters to life in the minds of your readers.  

*Writing a story is not only about how you vividly described your characters, how you amazingly knitted your plot, how you have perfectly chosen your settings, how you flawlessly showcased your tone and style of writing but it is also about how you sincerely touched your readers’ hearts and how you effectively made a difference in their lives. 

ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE WRITING 

• Characters 

• Setting

•  Plot  

• Point of View

ELEMENTS OF NARRATIVE WRITING 

• Theme 

• Tone 

• Style

• Conflict

Multiple Choice

Campaign Speech, November 3, 2008 (By Barack Obama) Barack Obama made a public speech a night before his election campaign in Virginia on November 3, 2008, saying:

“This country is more decent than one where a woman in Ohio, on the brink of retirement, finds herself one illness away from disaster after a lifetime of hard work…This country is more generous than one where a man in Indiana has to pack up the equipment, he’s worked on for twenty years and watch it shipped off to China… We are more compassionate than a government that lets veterans sleep on our streets and families slide into poverty; that sits on its hands while a major American city drowns before our eyes…”

This emotional speech plays on people’s sense of guilt, making it a good example of pathos. Although Obama employs the snob appeal fallacy in his argument, it is a very influential and emotional appeal.

• Persuasion

• Narration

• Cause-effect

• Problem-solution

Persuasion

*is a literary technique that writers use to present their ideas through reason and logic, to influence the audience. 

Persuasion

Persuasion may simply use an argument to persuade the readers, or sometimes may persuade readers to perform a certain action. Simply, it is an art of effective speaking and writing in which writers make their opinions believable to the audience through logic, by invoking emotions, and by proving their credibility.  

Types of persuasion

1. Ethos 

It is linked with morality and ethics. In this method of persuasion, writers or speakers convince their audience of their goodwill and present themselves as trustworthy. To determine whether a writer is credible or not, the audience needs to understand his intention and his strong understanding of the subject. 

2. Logos 

Logos comes from logic, therefore writers use logic, reasoning, and rationality to convince audiences of their perspectives. 

3. Pathos 

The third method is pathos, which invokes and appeals to the emotions of the audience. This is contrary to logos, as it presents arguments without using logic or reasoning. Many writers consider love, fear, empathy, and anger as strong factors to influence the emotions of their audiences. 

Problem-Solution

text starts with a negative situation (a problem) and ends with a positive situation (a solution). 

Problem-Solution consists of four key components: 

Situation

Identify the problem and explain why it is a problem and who should be responsible for it. 

 Problem

Explain the problem clearly. 

Solution

Cite concrete solutions to the problem. Explain why it should be considered and why it is the best solution to the problem. You may also present series of steps or actions to be followed. 

Evaluation

It is a part of the conclusion in which you have to highlight the problem and the value of your solution. Some key expressions that indicate a problem-solution text are: the problem/dilemma is, if/then, so that, solves, an answer to, and addresses the problem of. 

QUIZ

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that tells why something happens, what causes it, what are the effects, and how it is related to something else is _____.

• Cause and Effect

• Compare and Contrast

• Classification and Division

• Definition

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that groups items into their parts or types are called _____.

• . Description

• Persuasion

• Classification and Division

• Definition

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that tells how something is like other things or how something is different from other things is known as _____.

• Compare and Contrast

• Exemplification

• Description

• Problem-Solution

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that explains what something is in comparison to other members of its class, along with any limitations refers to _____.

• Classification and Division

• Definition

• Description

• Narration

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that details what something looks like and its characteristics pertains to ____.

• Compare and Contrast

• Exemplification

• Description

• Problem-Solution

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that describes an issue and your position or opinion on the subject is called ____.

• Exemplification

• Narration

• Description

• Persuasion

Multiple Choice

The pattern of development in writing that describes what, when, and where something happened is known as ______.

• Classification and Division

• Exemplification

• Definition

• Narration

Multiple Choice

The sequence of events in a story refers to ______.

• Characters

• Motif

• Plot

• Theme

Multiple Choice

The people, animals, or inanimate objects in the story that are affected by the actions in the plot are known as ______.

• Characters

• Motif

• Plot

• Theme

Multiple Choice

Because of, for, due to, so that, therefore are signal words of what pattern of written text?

• Problem-Solution

• Cause-Effect

• Classification and Division

• Thesis Evidence

Multiple Choice

A part of, a kind of, a group of, a way of are signal words of what text structure?

• Cause-Effect

• Compare-Contrast

• Classification and Division

• Persuasion

Multiple Choice

Which of the following refers to what was yielded after something else took place?

• Causal Analysis

• Cause

• Cause-Effect Chain

• Effect

Multiple Choice

Which of the following refers to what prompted something to happen?

• Causal Analysis

• Cause

• Cause-Effect Chain

• Effect

Multiple Choice

What part of the plot structure has an enticing opening to capture readers’ interest?

• Climax

• Denouement

• Exposition

• Rising Action

Multiple Choice

When you have spectators who are most difficult to please and to win, the appeal that you should make use of is ____.

• Athos

• Ethos

• Logos

• Pathos

Open Ended

I realized that..

KEEP GOING!

THANK YOU

Problem-Solution

text starts with a negative situation (a problem) and ends with a positive situation (a solution).