Biology 2 Review Class

Biology 2 Review Class

Multiple Select

Gregor Mendel was a little known Central European monk who studied pea plants for his discovery on inheritance solely because of the following reasons:

• Pea plants are bisexual so it can be subjected to pure breeding

• Pea plants have high reproduction rate as it can be harvested easily and in a span of rime

• Pea plants are the only abundant plants he can see in his garden.

• Pea plants don't need wide space for growth

Multiple Choice

Mendel believed that the characteristics of pea plants are determined by the:

• inheritance of units or factors from both parents

• inheritance of units or factors from one parent

• relative health of the parent plants at the time of pollination

• inheritance is random out from random fertilization

Multiple Choice

The idea that for any particular trait, the pair of alleles of each parent separate and only one allele from each parent passes to an offspring is Mendel's principle of:

• law of independent assortment

• law of dominance

• law of segregation

• non-mendelian principle

Multiple Choice

in Mendelian genetics, AA and Aa always show up as

• dominant

• recessive

• blended phenotype

• all of the above

Father of Genetics:

_{Gregor Mendel}

• Can be grown in a small area 

• High reproduction rates

• Bisexual-has both gametes

• Self-fertilizing flower

• Easy to mate/cross in a controlled way

• Produce pure plants when allowed to self-pollinate

• Can be artificially crossnpollinated

  
  

Laws of Inheritance

The Law of Dominance

Mendel learned that the inherited trait may override the other gene trait.

- Homozygous Dominant DD

- Heterozygous Dd

- Homozygous Recessive dd

The Law of Segregation

Mendel learned that each plant has two alleles, one from the mom and one from the dad. 

"DD, Dd, dd"

Multiple Choice

Two true breeding parents are crossed similar to Mendel's P generation. A tall plant is crossed with a short plant. What is the expected outcome for the F1 generation?

• all short

• all tall

• all medium height

• half tall, half short

Multiple Choice

In cacti, long arms (A) are dominant to short arms (a). Suppose 2 heterozygous cacti are crossed. What percentage of their offspring are expected to have short arms?

• 0%

• 25%

• 75%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

A phenotypic ratio of 3:1 in the offspring of a mating of two organisms for a single trait is expected when:

• both parents are homozygous

• both parents have the recessive trait

• both parents are heterozygous

• parent 1 is homozygous while parent 2 is heterozygous

Multiple Choice

Based off this punnett square, what fraction of the offspring will have wrinkled, yellow seeds?

• 1/16

• 3/16

• 9/16

• 16/16

Law of Independent Assortment

Alleles for different traits are distributed to sex cells independently of one another.

- This law can be illustrated using dihybrid crosses.

F.O.I.L. METHOD

- first

- outside

- inside

- last

Branching Method

- Isolate the same alleles

- monohybrid crosses

- count all same genotypes of the offspring

- join all possible pairings

- copy and multiple

Multiple Choice

A red flowered plant (RR) breeds with a White flowered plant (WW). The gene for petal color in these plants expresses incomplete dominance. What percentage of the offspring will have pink (RW) flowers?

• 0%

• 25%

• 50%

• 100%

Multiple Choice

A roan cow shows co-dominance in fur color (orange and white). What is the phenotype ratio expected if a roan cow and a roan steer mate together?

• 4: Orange and White

• 1: Orange : 1 White

• 2 Orange: 2 Orange and White: 0 White

• 1: Orange: 2 Orange and White: 1 White

Multiple Choice

How are Incomplete Dominance and Co Dominance different than a normal Mendelian cross?

• There is no heterozygous genotype is the blending of traits.

• There is only one phenotype regardless of genotype.

• The heterozygous genotype has a unique phenotype

• There is no difference

Multiple Choice

In radishes, Pure-breeding red radishes crossed with pure-breeding white radishes make purple radishes. What is more likely to be the explanation of this phenomenon?

• The gene that controls color exhibits incomplete dominance, where blending of traits is manifested in the offspring if the offspring acquires Heterozygosity in their genotypes.

• The gene that controls color exhibits co-dominance, where blending of traits is manifested in the offspring if the offspring acquires Heterozygosity in their genotypes.

• The gene that controls color exhibits incomplete dominance, where blending of traits is manifested in the offspring if the offspring acquires Homozygosity in their genotypes.

• The gene that controls color exhibits multiple alleles, where many variates of traits are manifested in the offspring if the offspring in accordance to their genotypes.

INCOMPLETE DOMINANCE

“Characterized by a blending of traits. The phenotype of offspring falls somewhere between each parent when the genotype is heterozygotic.

CODOMINANCE

“Both traits are dominant, and show up in the phenotype together. Co means “together. Expression of both alleles.

- (heterozygous genotype is different RW)

Multiple Choice

Which of the following patients would be considered the universal donor (in other words, who can donate blood to a type A, B, AB, and O recipient)?

• A

• AB

• B

• O

Multiple Choice

People with blood type AB have an antigen on the membrane of their erythrocytes that are labeled as “A” and also an antigen labeled as “B.” Which of the following is in reference to people with blood type O?

• They have only antigen O on their erythrocytes.

• They do not have antigen A or B on their erythrocytes.

• They have antigen A, B, and O on their erythrocytes.

• They do not have antibodies A or B on their erythrocytes.

Multiple Choice

A woman has type B blood and her husband has type O blood. What must be the woman's genotype, if they have a child with type O blood?

• ii

• Bi

• BB

• AB

Multiple Choice

If a blood type ends in +(positive) that means

• Nothing ,but + at end looks cool

• you are positive for an Rh protein

• You are positive you know your blood group

• antibody present in blood plasma

Multiple Choice

ABO blood group produces specific antigens and antibodies. Which of the following statements is true?

• A positive can donate blood to A positive, AB positive, A negative, AB negative persons.

• B negative can receive blood from B positive, B negative, O positive, O negative persons.

• AB positive can receive blood from A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive, AB negative, O positive, O negative persons.

• O positive can donate blood to A positive, A negative, B positive, B negative, AB positive, AB negative, O positive and O negative persons.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following combination of Rh group of mother and fetus is lethal for fetus?

• Rh(- )mother and Rh (– )fetus

• Rh(+) mother and Rh (+) fetus

• Rh(-) mother and Rh(+) fetus

Who can receive my blood?

Multiple Choice

A female Drosophila of unknown genotype was crossed with a white-eyed male fly of genotype (r = white eye allele is x-linked recessive, R= red-eye allele is dominant.) Half of the male and half of the female offspring were red-eyed, and half of the male and half of the female offspring were white-eyed. What was the genotype of the female fly?

• XR Xr

• Xr Xr

• XR XR

• XR Y

Sex Influenced

“Genes that are expressed differently based on hormones produced by the sex chromosomes X or y.”

Multiple Choice

This pedigree depicts a sex-linked disorder of colorblindness on the X chromosome. The characteristic indicated by the blackened figures is probably:

• Dominant.

• Recessive.

• Recessive.

• Sex-linked recessive

Multiple Choice

In the given pedigree, the trait being passed on in the family is:

• Dominant

• Recessive

• Sex-linked Dominant

• Autosomal Dominant

Multiple Choice

Debbie married David and had three children, Darren, Dawn, and Derek. David, Darren and Derek discovered they have muscular dystrophy. Derek married Didi and had two children, Denise and Destiny. Denise also has muscular dystrophy and married Dirk. They had two children, Dee and Deven. Dee has muscular dystrophy.

Multiple Choice

The left-handed trait is an x-linked inheritance in a family presented on the pedigree. 3 males in the family are affected by the trait. What are their genotypes

• Rr, RR, rr

• RR, Rr, Rr

• rr,rr,rr

• Rr, Rr, Rr