Biology EOC review Quiz

An osmosis investigation was conducted using 20 chicken eggs to represent cells with semipermeable membranes. The eggs were first soaked in vinegar to dissolve the shell. The eggs were then transferred to corn syrup for 24 hours and then to distilled water for 24 hours. The mass of each egg was measured before and after each soaking to determine how much water diffused into or out of the eggs. The table below shows the average mass of the eggs at each step of the investigation.

Based on this experiment, which of the following should be inferred about cells with semipermeable membranes?

• Substances other than water may also cross the cell membrane.

• Substances other than water may block pores in the cell membrane.

• Water enters the cell when placed in environments of high water concentration.

• Water leaves the cell when placed in environments with a low concentration of solutes.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

NGSS.MS-LS2-4

The cell theory was first proposed in 1838. Evidence obtained through additional scientific investigations resulted in the current cell theory. Which statement describes a component of the original cell theory that was removed because of the new scientific knowledge?

• All living things are made of cells.

• All cells come from other preexisting cells.

• Cells form through spontaneous generation.

• Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life.

There are some similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• lysosome

• mitochondrion

• nucleus

• ribosome

Terrestrial plants have stomata on the surface of their leaves. A single stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that change shape in response to environmental factors and open or close the stoma. Which of the following best explains how the structure of the leaf is used in processes that occur in the plant?

• Water enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for transpiration.

• Gases for photosynthesis are exchanged through the surface of the leaf.

• Energy for reproduction is absorbed directly through the surface of the leaf.

• Carbon dioxide enters the plant through the surface of the leaf for cellular respiration.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

What lobe is found in the area designated by label 2?

• temporal

• parietal

• occipital

• frontal

The rate at which blood flows through the human body changes in response to many factors. Which statement describes one of these factors and its effect on blood flow?

• The narrowing of blood vessels increases pressure and leads to faster blood flow.

• High blood viscosity increases the resistance in the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

• Low blood pH decreases the rate of diffusion through the blood vessels and leads to slower blood flow.

• The changing of the shape of red blood cells to a crescent shape decreases resistance and leads to faster blood flow.

The immune system has both specific and nonspecific defenses against viral infections. Which statement describes a nonspecific response of the immune system in fighting viral infections?

• T cells are produced to search out and destroy the viruses.

• Memory B cells are activated to rapidly respond to the viral infection.

• Plasma cells quickly replicate and release antibodies that bind to the viruses.

• Virus-infected cells produce interferons that lead to the inhibition of viral replication.

Water is essential for life. Its special properties make water the single most important molecule in plant life. Which of the following properties of water enables it to move from the roots to the leaves of plants?

• Water expands as it freezes.

• Water is an excellent solvent.

• Water exhibits adhesive and cohesive behavior.

• Water is able to moderate temperatures.

Which statement BEST describes how photosynthesis and cellular respiration are interrelated?

• Oxygen is produced during cellular respiration and stored during photosynthesis.

• Carbon dioxide and water released by cellular respiration are used in photosynthesis.

• Photosynthesis releases the energy that is stored during the process of cellular respiration.

• Glucose is used during cellular respiration to produce food that is broken down during photosynthesis.

Tags

NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

As food travels through the digestive system, it is exposed to a variety of pH levels. The stomach has a pH of 2 due to the presence of hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the small intestine has a pH ranging from 7 to 9. HCl converts pepsinogen into pepsin, an enzyme that digests proteins in the stomach. Which of the following most likely happens to pepsin as it enters the small intestine?

• It becomes inactive.

• It begins to replicate.

• Its shape changes to engulf large proteins.

• Its activity increases to digest more proteins.