C1-UNIT 10- CLAUSES OF REASON, PURPOSE, RESULT AND CONCESSIO

C1-UNIT 10- CLAUSES OF REASON, PURPOSE, RESULT AND CONCESSIO

CLAUSES OF REASON

• because + clause

• She couldn't get to work on time because the traffic was heavy

• because of + noun/ _ing form

• She couldn't get to work on time because of the heavy traffic

Multiple Select

Lack of permissions is the reason the construction of our house is going to be postponed.

The construction of our house is going to be postponed...

Select the two correct options

• because there is a lack of permissions

• because of a lack of permissions

• because of permissions

CLAUSES OF REASON 2

(usually at the beginning of a sentence)

• As + clause

• As the weather was fine, we decided to go for a swim

• Since + clause

• Since the weather was fine, we decided to go for a swim

Multiple Select

Lack of permissions is the reason the construction of our house is going to be postponed.

_____ there is a lack of permissions, the construction is going to be postponed

Select the two correct options

• As

• Since

• In order to

CLAUSES OF REASON 3

• due to / owing to / on account of + noun/_ing form

• Due to a heavy snowstorm, all fights were cancelled

• due to / owing to / on account of + the fact + that clause

• Mr Spencer will be away today owing to the fact that he is ill.

Multiple Select

Lack of permissions is the reason the construction of our house is going to be postponed.

The construction of our house is going to be postponed________ a lack of permissions

Select the two correct options

• due to

• owing to

• seeing that

CLAUSES OF REASON 4

• On the grounds of + noun

• They rejected my application, on the grounds of my inexperience

• On the grounds that + clause

• They rejected my application, on the grounds that I didn't have enough experience

Multiple Select

The construction plans were abandoned ________ cost

• on the grounds of

• on the grounds that

• due to

• as

CLAUSES OF REASON 4

• Seeing (that)...

• Seeing that it's raining, we'll stay at home

• Seeing as (how) + clause

• Seeing as how heavy the rain is, we won't go outside

Multiple Select

Lack of permissions is the reason the construction of our house is going to be postponed.

_____ there is a lack of permissions, the construction is going to be postponed

Select the two correct options

• On the grounds that

• Seeing that

• Seeing how

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE

• to + base form

• so as (not ) to + base form

• in order (not) to + base form

• We are saving money to buy a new house

• We are saving money so as to buy a new house

• We are saving money in order to buy a new house

Multiple Select

The teacher raised his voice _____ be heard.

• in order to

• to

• so as to

• due to

• as

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE 2

• for + noun (to express a person's intention)

• He went to the bakery for a loaf of bread

• for + _ing form (to express the purpose of function of an item)

• I use the electric knife for cutting meat

Multiple Select

The teacher raised his voice _____ be heard.

• for fear or not being

• for

• since

CAUSES OF PURPOSE 3

• so that + subject +can/may/will + (not) + present/future reference

• You should work hard now so that you can take some time off in the summer

• so that + subject + could/might /would + (not) + past reference

• Henry took his car to the garage so that the mechanic could take a loook at it

Multiple Select

The teacher raised his voice ...

• so that everybody could hear him

• so that everybody can hear him

• on the grounds of everybody hear him

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE 4

• In case + simple present / simple past

• I'll take an umbrella in case it rains

• He gave me his telephone number in case I needed to call him

• with a view to + _ing form

• These measures have been taken with a view to increasing the company's profits.

• with the aim of + _ing form

• He took evening courses in Marketing with the aim of getting more qualifications

Multiple Select

He saved up every penny he had ______ a house

• with a view of buying

• with the aim of buying

• so that buy

CLAUSES OF PURPOSE 5

• for fear (that) + subject + might / would (negative purpose)

• He fled his country for fear he might be arrested

• for fear of + noun/ _ing form

• He fled his country for fear of being arrested

Multiple Select

The teacher raised his voice ...

• for fear of not being heard

• for fear that we might heard him

• for fear of being heard

CLAUSES OF RESULT

• so + adjective/adverb + (that)

• That Maths problem was so difficult that I couldn't solve it.

• so + much/many/little/few + noun + (that)

• I've heard this song so many times that I know it by heart now

• so + adjective + a/an + noun + (that)

• It was so boring a documentary that I fell asleep

Multiple Select

Select the correct ones

• It was so complicated an explanation taht we couldn't understand it

• It was difficult so that we couldn't solve it

• There werre so many cars that we couldn't park anywhere

CLAUSES OF RESULT 2

• such +a/an + (adjective) + singular countable noun + (that)

• It was such a beautiful day that we decided to go for a picnic

• such + (adjective) + uncountable/ plural countable noun + (that)

• She was wearing such strange clothes that everyone was looking at her

• such + a lot of + noun + (that)

• I've put on such a lot of weight that I don't fit into my clothes anymore

Multiple Select

Select the correct ones

• We were given such a complicated explanation that we couldn't understand it

• The baby has such beautiful toys that I want to have them too

• We were given such a lot of information that we couldn't retrieve it all

• We were given such information that we couldn't retrieve it all

• The baby has such toys that I want to have them too

CLAUSES OF RESULT 3

• (and) so/ (and) therefore

• He had the qualifications required, so/therefore he got the job

• too + adjective / adverb + (for somebody) + to verb (full infinitive)

• This dress is too expensive for me to buy

• (not) adjective/adverb + enough (for somebody) + to verb (full infinitive)

• This dress is not big enough for me to wear

Multiple Select

Select the correct sentences

• The explanation we were given was too complicated for us to understand

• The explanation we were given was clear enough for us to understand

• The explanation we were given was too much complicated

• The explanation we were given was such complicated that...

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION

• although + subject + verb

• Although he was starving, he didn't take any of the food they offered him.

• even though + subject + verb

• Even though he was starving, he didn't take any of the food they offered him.

Multiple Choice

_______ Katia had made to a list of what to pack for her trip, she forgot to take her swimsuit.

• Despite

• Even though

• In spite of

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION 2

• In spite of + noun/_ing form

• In spite of feeling afraid, Jim went on the roller coaster

• Despite + noun/_ing form

• Despite the heavy rain, it was very hot

• In spite of what / Despite what ...

• Despite what you may think, that's not the case

Multiple Choice

.......... being exhausted, she stayed up late to finish her project.

• Although

• In spite of

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION 3

• In spite of + the fact + that clause

• He went jogging in spite of the fact that he had a terrible headache

• Despite + the fact + that clause

• He went jogging despite the fact that he had a terrible headache

• 
  

Multiple Choice

In spite of the fact that I was wearing a seat belt, I got injured.

• I got injured despite the fact that I was wearing a seat belt.

• I didn´t got injured despite the fact that I was wearing a seat belt.

• I got injured despite the fact that I was not wearing a seat belt.

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION 4

• however + adjective/adverb + subject + verb

• However hard she tries, she never manages to finish her wok on time

  
  

• She tries hard. However, she never manges to finish her work on time

• no matter how + adjective/adverb + subject + verb

• No matter how hard she tries, she never manges to finish her work on time

Multiple Choice

_____________, you should still apologize to your parents.

• No matter how you feeling
• No matter how feel you
• No matter you feel how
• No matter how you feel

Multiple Choice

______________, you should still think twice about going to his apartment alone.

• No matter how attractive he is
• No matter how he is attractive
• No matter how attractive is he
• No matter how is he attractive

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION 5

• whatever / no matter what + clause

• Nobody believes him anymore, no matter what he says

• Whatever he says, no body believes him anymore

• adjective/adverb + as +subject + (may) verb

• Tired as he was, he offered to help us. / Strange as it may seem, we had a good time on the business trip

• adjective/adverb + though +subject + verb

• Tired though he was, he offered to help us. Although he was tired, he offered to help us

Multiple Choice

You did very well on your test, ________ I recommend you practice reading some more for the next one.

• though

• even though

• although

• in spite of

Multiple Choice

Though is just a more casual form of although and means the same thing.

• true

• false

Multiple Choice

Jacob: "I can't wait for the party. You're coming, right?"

Sarah: "I have to work late; I'll be there later, _______."

• though

• through

• although

• even though

Multiple Choice

Jacob: "I can't wait for the party. You're coming, right?"

Sarah: "I have to work late; I'll be there later, _______."

• though

• through

• although

• even though

CLAUSES OF CONCESSION 6

• but/while/whereas + subject + verb

• I like travelling by plane , while/ whereas my husband doesn't

• still / yet / however / nevertheless/ nonetheless + subject + verb

• Mandy has been a teacher for a very short time, yet/still/ however the children adore her

• 
  

• 
  

Multiple Choice

Simon painted a lot, _______ he was ill in bed.

• Although

• While

• Whereas

Multiple Choice

______ he broke his leg, he went to work.

• Although

• While

• Whereas

INVERSION

Multiple Choice

No sooner had the rain stopped....

• that it began to snow.

• than it began to snow.

• when it began to snow.

• than did it begin to snow.

Multiple Choice

If i had been there, the problem wouldn't have occurred.

• Were I there, the problem wouldn't have occured.

• Had I been there, the problem wouldn't occur.

• Were I there, the problem wouldn't occur.

• Had I been there, the problem wouldn't have been occurred.

Multiple Choice

You should not ignore our advice under any circumstances.

• Under no circumstances should you ignore our advice.

• Under no circumstances shouldn't you ignore our advice.

Multiple Choice

Little ......................about his aggressive personality when she first met him.

• did she know
• she knows
• hadn´t she known

Multiple Choice

Never in his life_____had such a large amount of money.

• did he

• had he

Multiple Choice

I got to bed and the telephone rang.

• Hardly had I got into bed when the telephone rang.
• Hardly had got I into bed when the telephone rang.