B4U9 Sentence Patterns

B4U9 Sentence Patterns

Review: 假設語氣

留意助動詞形式部分

與現在事實相反

If + S + V-ed/were..., S + would/could/might + VR....

Pattern 1

句型1-1: S + must/may/might/could + VR....

推測現在事實的可能性：對未知的情境表示「推測或猜想」之意

• His last name is Lafayette. He may be French.

句型1-1: S + must/may/might/could + VR....

• The Abdullahs don’t eat pork. They must be Muslims.

→ 對現在事實做出猜想，強調了「一定是……」的合理推測之意。

• Janet doesn’t eat carbs. She may be on a diet.

→ 此情境：推測不吃碳水化合物的女子Janet

Open Ended

． My father must be disappointed because his favorite team lost the game.

請問此句的說話使用情境為何?

Open Ended

What you are saying can’t be true.

請問此句的說話使用情境為何?

句型1-2: S + must/may/might/could + have + p.p.

推測「過去」事件的可能性

That scientist doesn’t have a degree in physics. He could have learned the subject by himself.

句型1-2: S + must/may/might/could + have + p.p.

• The house was a total mess. Someone might have broken in.

→ 對「過去的事實」做出推理，強調了「可能是……」的猜想之意。

• The little girl was crying for her mom on the platform. They must have gotten separated.

→ 情境：在月台上哭著找媽媽的小女孩

說話者根據情境線索推知過去母女走散的可能性

Open Ended

According to the police, Amber might have been murdered on the day she went missing.

請問此句的說話使用情境為何?

Open Ended

Nelson couldn’t have lied to me; he is honest and trustworthy.

請問此句的說話使用情境為何?

助動詞不同的差別:

此句型中的情態助動詞，依照說話者的確定程度，由高而低依序是must(很確定)、may、might/could。

•   Larry’s sister is wearing a ring on her left ring finger. She must be married. (推測現在事實)

•   Ben’s boss doesn’t tell him everything. He may not know about the plan.(推測現在事實)

•   The couple were wandering the narrow alleys. They might/could have been lost. (推測過去事實)

Practice

Multiple Choice

Ellen is sleeping now. She ___ very tired.

• must be

• must have been

Multiple Choice

A super typhoon struck the island a few days ago. There_____ some mudslides.

• must have been

• must be

Multiple Choice

I called the Smiths many times last week. No one answered the phone. They_____ on a vacation.

• went

• might have gone

• might be

Multiple Choice

Many scientists believe that sudden climate change ___ the extinction of the dinosaurs.

• could cause

• might have caused

• must cause

• may not cause

Use the above pattern to give possible reasons for the following situations. The first one has been done for you.

1.     There was an earthquake. A rescue team arrived at a collapsed building and several search dogs were sniffing around.

→ Someone might have been stuck inside. (someone / be stuck inside)

Pattern 2

N + V-ing/p.p.

請先觀察以下句子共通性:

1.  The boy waving at us is my younger brother.

2.  The police rescued the boy kidnapped from the supermarket last week.

3.  Did you see the new Marvel movie released last week?

4.  Be careful about cars coming from both directions when you cross the street.

5.  When we were in France, we visited a castle built in the sixteenth century.

分詞可放在名詞之後修飾該名詞，稱作分詞片語，由形容詞子句(關代簡略)簡化而來。

簡化步驟如下：

 (1) 刪除關係代名詞。

 (2) 若動詞為主動語態，則將動詞改為現在分詞（V-ing）。請留意，原句中主動用法中若有be動詞，必須刪除，不可保留。

 (3) 若動詞為被動語態，則將動詞保留過去分詞（p.p.）。一般來說，被動語態不保留be動詞；但若選擇保留being再加上過去分詞，則有強調正在發生之語意。

Multiple Choice

The college provides all kinds of courses for students_____ science.

• are interested in

• interested in

• who interested in

• been interested in

Pattern 3

複合形容詞（adv.-p.p.）：well-respected

此型態複合形容詞結構（adv.-p.p.）由被動句型「be + p.p. + adv.」中的「副詞」結合「過去分詞」所構成

# 後方被修飾的名詞為被動接受動作!!

Hector is a well-trained doctor (= a doctor who has been trained well), so you will soon recover under his care.

#因為醫生是被接受訓練

Multiple Choice

______students are ambitious learners and usually enjoy challenges.

• Well-motivating

• Well-motivated

• High-motivating

• High-motivated

Multiple Choice

Time magazine is one of the most ____ magazines in the English-speaking world.

• wide-reading

• widely reading

• wide-read

• widely read

Pattern 4

S + V, which...

(1)  關係代名詞which可用以指前面一整個子句，表示這件情況或事件。

(2) 此時關代前須加逗點。且不可用that取代which。

The teacher teaches English in an interesting way, which enhances her students’ interest in learning.

這位老師用有趣的方式教英文，這提高了她學生的學習興趣。

Multiple Choice

My grandparents traveled around the world after retirement _____ broadened their horizons.

• that

• , which

• , it

• which

Pattern 5

Upon/On + V-ing/N, S + V...

(1) Upon/On + V-ing/N, S + V意為「一……就……」= As soon as S + V, S + V。Upon/On之後須接動名詞或名詞，As soon as之後須接子句。

 (2) 在Upon/On + V-ing/N, S + V句型中，Upon + V-ing部分的主詞和主要子句的主詞須相同。

．  Upon entering the dark room, I immediately felt a chill down my spine.

= As soon as I entered the dark room, I immediately felt a chill down my spine.

一進到這黑暗的房間，我馬上覺得毛骨悚然。

Multiple Choice

____ finishing gulping down his breakfast, Louis rushed off to work.

• Upon

• As soon as

• Because

• With

Multiple Choice

一進廚房，我就聞到剛烤好的蛋糕香味。

_____ I entered the kitchen, I smelled the aroma of freshly baked cake.

• As soon as

• Upon

The end