Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Volcanoes and Earthquakes

Multiple Choice

What is a break in the rock layers called?

• Earthquake
• Epicenter
• Fault
• Focus

Multiple Choice

Where is the point at which the first movement occurs during an earthquake? Reperesented by letter S

• Epicenter
• Focus
• Fault
• Plate

Multiple Choice

The center point on the surface of an earthquake represented by letter R is called what?

• Center point
• Focus
• Epicenter
• Seismic waves

Multiple Choice

The boundary at which two plates come together is known as a ___ boundary

• convergent 
• divergent
• transform
• connected

Multiple Choice

A boundary where two plates pull apart is called a ___ boundary.

• convergent
• divergent
• transform
• divided

Multiple Choice

The Hawaiian Islands are examples of ___.

• a chain of volcanoes
• a chain of earthquakes
• the Pacific Ocean basin
• a transform boundary

Multiple Choice

Strong earthquakes are most likely to occur at which 2 types of boundaries?

• convergent and transform
• convergent & divergent
• transform & divergent
• divergent only

Multiple Choice

At a mid-ocean ridge, lava erupts and builds up between 2 tectonic plates ___

• that slide past one another.

• the lava cools off and becomes magma.

• that move away from each other.

• that move toward each other.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is scientific evidence used to support the theory that says all of the continents use to be part of a single continent?

• Fossils of similar lifeforms have been found on different  continents.
• The coastlines of some modern continents appear to fit together like a puzzle.
• Some of the continents that exist today have similar rocks.
• all of these

Multiple Choice

Which of the following gives us the most evidence in support of the theory of plate tectonics?

• the rounded caps of mountains
• the changing seasons
• the location of glaciers
• the spreading of the sea floor

Multiple Choice

All of the following will improve safety factors during an earthquake EXCEPT to:

• Study an area’s earthquake history.

• Stand next to a window.

• Make sure that water heater is in place.

• Take heavy objects down from shelves.

Multiple Choice

Which of these accurately describes, from most to least damage, how violent seismic waves are?

• S-Waves, Surface Waves, P-Waves

• Surface waves, S-Waves, P-Waves

• P-Waves, Surface Waves, S-Waves

• P-Waves, S-Waves, Surface Waves

Multiple Choice

Which of these accurately describes, from fastest to slowest, how quickly seismic waves travel?

• S-Waves, Surface Waves, P-Waves

• Surface waves, S-Waves, P-Waves

• P-Waves, Surface Waves, S-Waves

• P-Waves, S-Waves, Surface Waves

Multiple Choice

Which of these accurately explains the difference between the focus and the epicenter of an earthquake?

• The focus is the point on the surface directly above the epicenter. The epicenter is the area beneath the Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake.

• The focus is the point at which the seismometer detects earthquake waves. The epicenter is the first point to suffer earthquake damage.

• The epicenter is the point at which the seismometer detects earthquake waves. The focus is the first point to suffer earthquake damage.

• The focus is the area beneath Earth's surface where rock that is under stress breaks, triggering an earthquake. The point on the surface directly above the focus is called the epicenter.

Multiple Select

Select all of the factors that determine the violence of an eruption.

• Climate.

• Amount of trapped gas.

• Viscosity of the lava.

• Amount of water vapor.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a cinder cone?

• Low-sloping volcanic mountain. Created by low viscosity lava and gentle eruptions over time.

• A tall, cone-shaped volcanic mountain. Created with layers of ash, pumice, and hardened high viscosity lava.

• Steep cone-shaped hill of tephra (volcanic debris) that accumulates around and downwind from the vent.

• Deep cracks in the ground near other volcanic activity that allow lava to erupt. Usually nonexplosive.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a composite volcano?

• Low-sloping volcanic mountain. Created by low viscosity lava and gentle eruptions over time.

• A tall, cone-shaped volcanic mountain. Created with layers of ash, pumice, and hardened high viscosity lava.

• Steep cone-shaped hill of tephra (volcanic debris) that accumulates around and downwind from the vent.

• Deep cracks in the ground near other volcanic activity that allow lava to erupt. Usually nonexplosive.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a shield volcano?

• Low-sloping volcanic mountain. Created by low viscosity lava and gentle eruptions over time.

• A tall, cone-shaped volcanic mountain. Created with layers of ash, pumice, and hardened high viscosity lava.

• Steep cone-shaped hill of tephra (volcanic debris) that accumulates around and downwind from the vent.

• Deep cracks in the ground near other volcanic activity that allow lava to erupt. Usually nonexplosive.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following describes a dormant volcano?

• A volcano that is actively erupting.

• Not currently erupting but could at any time.

• Permanently unable to erupt. No seismic activity occurring.

Multiple Choice

Which of these correctly describes the difference between magma and lava?

• Magma is hotter, lava is cooler

• Magma is molten rock above Earth's surface; lava is below Earth's surface

• Magma is cooler, lava is hotter

• Magma is molten rock that is found beneath the surface; lava has reached Earth's surface

Multiple Choice

There are no volcanoes on the San Andreas fault in California.  Why not?

• The fault is on a transform boundary that do not produce volcanoes.
• The fault is on a convergent boundary that do not produce volcanoes.
• San Andreas means "no volcano" in Spanish.
• The fault is on a divergent boundary that do not produce volcanoes.

Multiple Choice

These seismic waves can travel through both liquids and solids:

• P waves
• S waves
• surface waves
• Z waves

Multiple Choice

This word describes the size of the earthquake:

• seismograph
• magnitude
• focus
• epicenter

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes generally occur at _____________, where stress is the greatest.

• the center of a plate
• the top of a mountain
• at big cities
• at plate boundaries

Multiple Choice

What type of stress would be seen at a convergent boundary?

• compression
• tension
• shear
• elastic

Multiple Choice

The particles produced in volcanic eruptions are called _____________ .

• laccoliths
• pyroclastic material
• calderas
• volcanic stocks

Multiple Choice

A place above a mantle plume where melted rock can form a volcano is a 

• fissure.
• earthquake.
• hot spot.
• volcano.

Multiple Choice

At what type(s) of plate boundaries do most volcanoes form?

• convergent and transform
• convergent and divergent
• divergent and transform
• ocean and mountain

Multiple Choice

Why does magma rise?

• it is less dense than the crust
• it is more dense than the crust
• it is equally as dense as the crust
• it is very viscous

Multiple Choice

A line of volcanic activity that surrounds the Pacific Ocean basin is the 

• Ring of Fire.
• Aleutian Islands.
• Hawaiian Islands.
• Caribbean Islands.

Multiple Choice

The formation of the Hawaiian Islands is one example of ___________ .

• volcanoes forming over a hot spot
• volcanoes forming along a plate boundary
• the Ring of Fire
• continental drift

Multiple Choice

Which kind of waves can NOT travel through a liquid?

• P waves
• S waves
• Radio waves
• X rays

Multiple Choice

Earthquakes that are closer to the earth's surface are more dangerous than the ones that occur deeper below the Earth's surface. 

• True 
• False

Multiple Choice

Which wave is the most destructive?

• P - Primary
• S - Secondary
• Surface Wave
• Normal

Multiple Choice

Which travels fastest, always being the first detected by seismic stations?

• P waves
• S waves
• R waves
• L waves

Multiple Choice

What is the point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus called?

• hypocenter
• compression
• magnitude
• epicenter

Multiple Choice

The Richter scale measures

• the amount of radon gas released.
• the damage caused.
• the strength of an earthquake.
• the weight of tectonic plates.

Multiple Choice

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California:

• Sierra Nevada Seismic Zone

• Denali Fault

• San Fransisco

• San Andreas

Multiple Choice

This famous transform fault is located in the western United States creates significant earthquake activity for California:

• Sierra Nevada Seismic Zone

• Denali Fault

• San Fransisco

• San Andreas