Chemistry EOG Review

Chemistry EOG Review

​Matter

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• States of matter= solid (molecules don’t move), liquid (molecules move slowly), gas (molecules move rapidly)

Subject | Subject

Some text here about the topic of discussion

​Matter

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• Melting= molecules speed up (solid to liquid)

Boiling= molecules speed up (liquid to gas)​

• Freezing=molecules move slower (liquid to solid)

Condensation= molecules move slower (gas to liquid)

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Multiple Choice

How do the molecules of a solid compare to the molecules of a gas?

• Solid molecules don't move and gas molecules slowly.

• Solid molecules don't move and gas molecules move rapidly.

• Solid molecules move rapidly and gas molecules move slowly.

Elements

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• Atoms are the smallest unit of matter that make up elements. 

Atoms < Element< molecule< compound< mixture

​Elements- pure substances made of the SAME type of atoms that cannot be broken down any further.

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• Compound= atoms chemically combined

Mixture=atoms are together physically

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​Elements

Atom Arrangement

​Elements Compounds Mixtures

Atom's Particles

​Homogeneous (same throughout) vs. Heterogeneous (see different parts)

Multiple Choice

A chocolate chip cookie is an example of what kind of mixture?

• Homogenous Mixture

• Heterogenous Mixture

Multiple Choice

Koolaid is an example of what kind of mixture?

• Homogenous Mixture

• Heterogenous Mixture

Atom's Particles

• Proton=positive, in nucleus

• Neutron=neutral, in nucleus

• Electron=negative, orbits nucleus, no mass (Elliot Electron)

• ​The nucleus is the center of the atom!

Element Box

• Atomic mass= proton + neutron (bottom number)

• Atomic number=number of protons (top number)

Multiple Choice

A neutron has what kind of charge?

• Positive

• Negative

• Neutral

Multiple Choice

What is the atomic number on this element box?

• 6

• 12.01

• C

Periodic Table

• Groups/families=up & down column; similar characteristics

• Period=left to right row

• Metal=left of the step; luster; malleable; ductile; conductors

• Nonmetal= right of the step; dull; brittle; nonconductor; usually gas

Periodic Table Continued

•  Metalloids= properties of metals & nonmetals along step

• Group 17= halogens

• Group 18= noble gases; inert (do not react)

• Group 1= alkali metals; most reactive

Periodic Table Continued

• Group 2 = alkaline earth metals; reactive but slightly less reactive than group 1 metals

• Group 3-12 = transition metals

• Atoms bond to form a molecule  through a chemical reaction

Multiple Choice

Where are metals found on the periodic table?

• Right side of the step

• Along the step

• Left side of the step

Multiple Choice

What are the most reactive metals on the periodic table?

• Halogens

• Alkali Metals

• Noble Gases

Multiple Choice

Which element has the most similar characteristics to Na?

• He

• Au

• Mg

• K

Changes in Matter

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• Physical changes: Are changes to the appearance without changing a substance’s identity.

• Signs of a physical reaction: Dissolving, changing color with dyes, and breaking/ smashing.

Changes in Matter

• Chemical change: Observations that DO change the identity of the object making a NEW substance.

• Signs of chemical reaction: heat, light, gas, precipitate, color change, smell change

Multiple Choice

Tearing a piece of paper in half is a ____________ change.

• Physical

• Chemical

Multiple Choice

Skittles is an example of a ________________ mixture.

• homogenous

• heterogenous

Multiple Choice

A chain turning an orangish color due to rust is an example of a __________ change.

• Physical

• Chemical

Chemical Equations

• Chemical Equation (reactants, products, coefficients, subscripts, symbols, compound)

Chemical Reactions

• Law of Conservation of Mass=no mass is created or destroyed (same amount of atoms on both sides of the equation)

• Balanced chemical equations support the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Chemical Reactions

​To determine if a chemical equation is balanced or not, you must count the number of atoms in the reactants and products, which must be equal.

Multiple Choice

What does the law of conservation of mass state?

• That there is more mass after a reaction takes place.

• That there is less mass after a reaction takes place.

• That there is the same mass after a reaction takes place.

Multiple Choice

Does this picture support the law of conservation of mass?

• Yes

• No

Multiple Choice

Does this picture follow the law of conservation of mass?

• Yes

• No

Open vs. Closed Systems

• Open vs. closed systems- During a chemical reaction in an open system some gases can escape making the mass less than what you started with. The opposite is true for a closed system.