12.3 Roman Expansion

12.3 Roman Expansion

Conquest of the Italian Peninsula

• 341 BC Rome wants to own more land on the Italian Peninsula

• First: 30 cities called the Latin League fall to Rome. (yellow)

• Next: Rome defeats the Etruscans to the north and the Samnites to the east. (orange)

• Last: Rome goes for the Greek colonies in the south. (red)

• By 272 BC Rome owned the entire Peninsula.

Conquest (continued)

• Why did Rome want to expand? TWO reasons

• 1. Everyone around Rome was an enemy - if Rome didn't attack first, it was only a matter of time before the enemy attacked.

• 2. Rome considered war a path to economic growth. Victory in war meant more land, which meant more farms, and more taxes.

• Rome sets up colonies in defeated areas helping them to ROMANIZE the areas around them (spread the culture of Rome)

Conquest (continued)

• Romanization was incredibly important and done in 4 key areas.

• 1 - They set up Roman controlled governments in each colony.

• 2 - They built roads & bridges that connected Rome to every piece of territory and land they gained in conquest.

• 3 - They built temples to Roman gods and goddesses in all the cities they conquered.

• 4 - They enslaved some of the people they conquered; making them build on and farm the land they took.

Multiple Choice

What peninsula does Rome conquer?

• Etruscan

• Italian

• Peloponnesus

• Iberian

Multiple Select

What are the TWO reasons for Rome to expand?

• more beachfront property

• more land = better economy!

• neighbors were enemies

• more people = more babies!

Open Ended

Name ONE of the ways they romanized the surrounding colonies.

The Punic Wars

• Right after Rome was done conquering the Italian Peninsula, the Carthaginians come ready for war.

• The Carthaginians (red) controlled the trade routes around the area, and Rome wanted control.

• Between 264 BC and 146 BC they fight three wars called the Punic Wars.

Multiple Choice

Who was Rome fighting against?

• Corinthians

• Greeks

• Carthaginians

• Hellenians

The Punic Wars - War 1

• Spoiler - Rome wins the first War!

• Rome builds a fleet of ships (100 ships in 60 days!) and fights the Carthaginians at sea.

• Even though the Carthaginians are more experienced at sea, Rome wins this battle.

The Punic Wars - War 2

• The second war does not go as smoothly for Rome.

• A fierce Carthaginian general - Hannibal - sails through the Mediterranean Sea and marches his army through modern-day Spain and across the alps to sneak attack Rome.

• The Roman general - Scipio - invades northern Africa in response, forcing Hannibal to retreat to save his homeland.

• 202 BC - Scipio attacks Hannibal and wins the day for Rome!

Scipio's journey is in RED and Hannibal's can be seen in YELLOW

The Punic Wars - War 3

• 146 BC Rome DESTROYS Carthage and sells most of the Carthaginians into slavery.

• Rome gains all the territory controlled by Carthage, seen here in RED.

Fill in the Blank

How many wars does Rome fight in the Punic Wars?

Multiple Choice

The First Punic War was fought...

• on land

• by sea

Multiple Choice

True/False: In the Second Punic War, Hannibal tries a SNEAK ATTACK against Rome, but Rome still wins the war.

• True

• False

Open Ended

After the Third Punic War, Rome does what to the Carthaginians?

A "Roman Lake"

• From 146 BC to 133 BC, Rome continues to conquer the areas around them.

• First, they defeat Macedonia. They didn't like their leader, Phillip V, because he was BFFs with Hannibal.

• 146 BC - Roman general Mummius (seen here) attacks Corinth. Rome renames this area "Achaea"

A "Roman Lake"

• There is SOME peaceful expansion.

• The kingdom of Pergamum in Asia Minor gave the throne up in 133 BC because their king was about to die and had no heirs. (see King Attalus to the right) They saw the Roman soldiers conquering surrounding nations and arranged to give the government over so that none of his citizens would die.

A "Roman Lake"

• By 133 BC Rome controls the Mediterranean Sea, and it gets the nickname "The Roman Lake"

• Rome divides the lands outside the Italian Peninsula into 8 provinces and sends a Roman governor to oversee each one.

• The provinces had to pay tribute to Rome every year, contribute soldiers to the Roman army, and send slaves to work on building projects for Rome.

• Rome is officially the most powerful state in the world.

Green - Punic Wars; Orange - by 133 BC

Multiple Select

Now that Rome is done with the Carthaginians, which TWO areas do they go after next?

• Corinth

• Alps

• Eurmomma

• Macedonia

Multiple Choice

True/False: Rome NEVER conquered any lands peacefully. They only used violence.

• True

• False

Fill in the Blank

Rome divides the land into how many provinces?

Multiple Select

What THREE things does Rome make each province do

• contribute soldiers

• pay tribute

• hold large parties for Rome

• contribute slaves

Open Ended

What are some of the differences between how Rome conquered territories and how Alexander the Great conquered territories?