Unit 11 Review

Unit 11 Review

Acids & Bases

NAMING ACIDS & BASES

FOR ACIDS: add prefix or change the ending of the root element, depending on what you start with.

To Name Bases:

• Name of first element

• Then HYDROXIDE

• E.g., LiOH --> Lithium Hydroxide

Multiple Choice

What is the IUPAC name for HCl?

• Chloric Acid

• Hydrochlorous Acid

• Chlorous Acid

• Hydrochloric Acid

Multiple Choice

What is the IUPAC name of Mg(OH)₂?

• Magnesium Hydroxide

• Manganese Hydroxide

• Magnesium Oxygen Hydride

Multiple Choice

What is the IUPAC name for HNO₃?

• Hydronitric Acid

• Nitric Acid

• Nitrous Acid

• Nitrate Acid

Strong vs. Weak Acids & Bases

Strong acids and bases COMPLETELY disassociate in solution.

Weak acids and bases dissassociate less than 5%

Multiple Choice

After placing HNO₃ into water, tests show it has 2% HNO₃ ions, 49% H₃O⁺ ions, and 49% NO₃^- ions.

What do these findings say about HNO₃?

• It is a strong base

• It is a weak acid

• It is neutral

• it is a strong acid

Electrolytes

Can be 3 things

- Acids (strong and weak)

- Bases ( Strong and weak)

- Salts (metal + nonmetal)

Disassociate in water.

NONelectrolytes do not.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a nonelectrolyte?

• H₂SO₄

• C₆H₁₂O₆

• NaOH

• NH₃

ACID - BASE REACTIONS

• Acids neutralize bases, and vice versa

• Also called a neutralization reaction

• Acid + Base --> H₂O + Salt

Multiple Choice

Which compound below will neutralize HBr?

• H₃PO₄

• CCl₄

• C₃H₈

• NaOH

Multiple Choice

In the reaction below, which compound is acting like the base?

LiOH + H₂O --> Li⁺ + OH^-

• LiOH

• H₂O

• Li⁺

• OH^-

pH Scale

0 - 6.9 = Acids

7 = Neutral

7.1 - 14 = Bases

Scale grows AWAY from the neutral

Multiple Choice

Which pH below would be the strongest Acid?

• 2.8

• 4.6

• 2.1

• 6.5

Multiple Choice

Which pH below would be the weakest base?

• 7.9

• 8.3

• 11.9

• 12.6

Calculating pH

ACIDS have high H+ concentrations. Bases have very little to no H+

1.0 x 10^-x, x = pH

if not 1.0 x 10^-x then you must use log equation.

Multiple Choice

Which pH has the highest H+ concentration?

• 4.6

• 7.8

• 9.1

• 13.5