Muscular System Review

Muscular System Review

LO: To review the functions of the muscular system

Open Ended

What are the 4 functions of the muscular system?

Identify them. If you can, try to describe them.

Functions of the Muscular System

• Movement: Many muscles are attached to bones, when muscles contract it allows the bones to move

• Stability: Muscles support your body and help you balance

• Protection: Muscles cover your skeleton and organs, protecting them like a layer of padding

• Temperature regulation: Muscles contract to make you shiver, this creates thermal energy to warm you up when you are too cold

Multiple Choice

What is muscle made of?

• 206 bones

• Tissues attached to bones

• Weak tissue that protects bones

• Strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way

Muscles are made of strong tissue that can contract in an orderly way

• Contract is when the muscle is being used, muscles are shorter

• The opposite of contract is relax, muscles are longer

Multiple Choice

When muscles are contracted, are they shorter or longer than when they are relaxed?

• Shorter

• Longer

• They are the same length

Multiple Select

What is the function of muscles that are not attached to bones?

• They help you move

• They cause blood and food to move through your body

• They cause your heart to beat

• They help with exercise

• They cause goosebumps

Muscles that are not attached to bones

• These muscles contract for different purposes:

• for food and blood to move through the body

• for the heart to beat

• for the hair on your arms to stand up when you get goose bumps

Open Ended

How are tendons different from ligaments? How are they similar?

Tendons connect muscles to bonds

• They are strong but flexible

• They help stabilise joints so they can move

• They help you keep a good posture

Multiple Choice

Which type of muscle attaches to bones?

• skeletal muscle

• cardiac muscle

• smooth muscle

Skeletal Muscles

• The type of muscle that attaches to bones 

• They are voluntary muscles - this means you can control their movement

• They work by pulling on bones, they cannot push

• If you exercise, they will get larger and stronger

• Too much exercise can exhaust or cramp them

Multiple Choice

Skeletal muscle cells have stripes called striations.

• True

• False

Muscles have to be in pairs because they can only pull bones, not push them

• In your arm, the bicep contracts to pull the arm up

• When the bicep is contracted, the tricep is relaxed

• The tricep contracts to pull the arm down

• When the tricep is contracted, the bicep is relaxed

• 
  

Open Ended

What are the two types of involuntary muscles?

Cardiac Muscle

• Muscles found only in the heart

• It is involuntary so you cannot consciously control them

• When they contract and relax, it pumps blood throughout your body

• These muscles have branches with disks at the end

Smooth Muscle

• They are involuntary muscles with a smooth appearance

• They are found in blood vessels and many organs

• When they contract, they help move materials through the body

• e.g. food in the stomach or blood through the vessels

Open Ended

What are the 3 types of muscles?

Open Ended

What things do you think you can do to keep muscles healthy?

Healthy Muscles

• A good diet, with lots of nutrients and proteins, fibre and potassium

• Exercise to keep them strong

• Weak muscles can increase the risk of heart disease and bone injuries

Open Ended

How do you think muscles could help with homeostasis?

The Muscular System and Homeostasis

• Homeostasis = maintaining a stable internal environment (keeping things inside the body, as they should be)

• 1) Temperature: when you are cold, muscles contract to make you shiver which converts chemical energy to thermal energy to warm you up

• 2) Cardiac muscles contract faster to pump more blood, and so oxygen, around the body when you are exercising