Big Idea 17: Interdependence (CS1)

Big Idea 17: Interdependence

Homeostasis in Ecosystems - Energy Transfer, Relationships Among Organisms, and Limiting Factors (CS1)

Big Idea: Interdependence

• Plants and animals, including humans, interact with and depend upon each other and their environment to satisfy their basic needs.

• Both human activities and natural events can have major impacts on the environment.

• Energy flows from the sun through producers to consumers.

Explain and illustrate the roles of and relationships among producers, consumers, and decomposers in the process of energy transfer in a food web. (SC.7.L.17.1 - DoK 3)

• All organisms required energy for survival.

• Organisms that can photosynthesize their food from sunlight are called autotrophs, or producers.

• Organisms that must consume other organisms for food are called heterotrophs, or consumers.

• Organisms that only eat plants are called herbivores, or primary consumers.

• Organisms that eat primary consumers are called carnivores, or secondary consumers.

Multiple Choice

How much energy moves up each level of the energy pyramid?

• 5%

• 10%

• 50%

• 90%

Multiple Choice

In an ecosystem, energy is transferred from one organism to another. Which of the following best shows the transfer of energy among organisms in an ecosystem's food web?

• omnivore → carnivore → herbivore → producer

• producer → herbivore → carnivore → decomposer

• producer → decomposer → herbivore → omnivore

• carnivore → herbivore → decomposer → omnivore

Multiple Choice

Which section of the pyramid has the least energy?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Which section of the pyramid has the most energy?

• 1

• 2

• 3

• 4

Multiple Choice

Level 4 on the pyramid

• Producers

• Primary Consumer

• Secondary Consumer

• Tertiary Consumer

Multiple Choice

Level 3 on the pyramid

• Producers

• Primary Consumer

• Secondary Consumer

• Tertiary Consumer

Multiple Choice

Level 2 on the pyramid

• Producers

• Primary Consumer

• Secondary Consumer

• Tertiary Consumer

Multiple Choice

Level 1 on the pyramid

• Producers

• Primary Consumer

• Secondary Consumer

• Tertiary Consumer

Multiple Choice

What are the organisms that break down dead stuff?

• Producers

• Consumers

• Decomposers

• Organisms

Multiple Choice

Why might an organism have more than one arrow coming from them in a food web?

• More than one organism may eat them.

• They may eat more than one other organism.

• This organism gets its energy from multiple sources.

• They have no resources available to them.

Multiple Choice

What does a food web represent?

• All connections of energy flow throughout all organisms in a habitat.

• The specific ways that mutualism is carried out.

• A single pathway or energy flow between organisms.

• How carnivores get their food.

Multiple Choice

The arrows in a food chain or web represents what?

• They point to the organism that is being eaten.

• It shows how sunlight flows within an ecosystem.

• They show what direction the energy is flowing between organisms.

• They represent how water is transferred within a habitat.

Multiple Choice

What does a food chain represent?

• How all living organisms within a habitat are connected.

• All of the things that a particular animal eats.

• How plants create their own food.

• A single path of energy transfer within a habitat.

Multiple Choice

An organism that needs to eat other organisms to obtain energy is known as a:

• Autotroph

• Producer

• Consumer

• Mutualist

Multiple Choice

All energy on Earth ultimately comes from what source?

• Water

• Sun

• Consumers

• Oxygen

Multiple Choice

A frog eats a fly. The frog and fly are demonstrating ________.

• mutualism

• competition

• predator/prey

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

A consumer that hunts is called:

• a producer.

• an omnivore.

• a predator.

• a herbivore.

Multiple Choice

What might happen if you remove a primary consumer from the ecosystem?

• There would be more food for secondary consumers.

• The number of primary consumers would increase.

• The number of plants would increase.

• The number of secondary consumers would increase.

Multiple Choice

What would happen to the rabbit population if the fox population moved out of the area represented by the food web?

• The rabbit population would increase

• The rabbit population would decrease

• The rabbit population would neither increase nor decrease

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms is a herbivore?

• grass

• rabbit

• fox

• snake

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms in competition with the weasel for their food source?

• grass

• rabbit

• fox

• snake

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms is a producer?

• grass

• rabbit

• fox

• snake

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms is a primary consumer?

• grass

• rabbit

• fox

• snake

Multiple Choice

Which of the following organisms uses photosynthesis to get the energy it needs to survive?

• grass

• rabbit

• fox

• snake

Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms such as mutualism, predation, parasitism, competition, and commensalism. (SC.7.L.17.2 - DoK 2)

• Symbiosis is when two organisms of different species live near each other and have some kind of relationship.

• Symbiotic relationships always benefits at least one of the species involved. The other species can be helped, harmed, or unaffected.

• In mutualism, both species in the relationship benefit. (It is MUTUALLY benefitial.)

• In commensalism, one species benefits, while the other is not affected.

• In parasitism, one species benefits, while the other is harmed.

• The parasite is the organism that lives in or on the host organism.

Multiple Choice

Mangrove trees are common to the Florida Everglades. The tree roots serve as a place for freshwater oysters to attach when the tide is high, as shown in the picture below. The oysters are protected from predators when attached to the roots underwater. The oysters do not harm the trees nor do they provide any benefit to the trees. Which of the following relationships is most similar to the relationship between the mangrove trees and the oysters?

• African ants living in acacia trees feed on leaf-eating insects found on the tree.

• Spider crabs are camouflaged by the green-brown algae growing on their shells.

• A whale is unaffected by the attached remora fish feeding on the whale’s leftover food.

• Bees fly from one flowering plant to another gathering nectar and pollinating the flowers.

Multiple Choice

Lactobacilli are a type of bacteria that live in our lungs and destroy many of the microorganisms that enter our respiratory system. They are highly adapted to living in our lungs and can't survive in many other habitats.

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

In the jungles of South America lives a thorn tree call an acacia. A species of ant eats secretions of the acacia, drinks its sap, and raises its young in the hollow thorns. The ants also keep competing vines from growing near the acacia tree and they help repel any insects that would damage the acacia tree.

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

Lichens are close associations of fungi and algae. The fungi hold the water supply and the algae perform photosynthesis to manufacture carbohydrates for both organisms.

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

Hookworms enter the human body by burrowing into the skin of the feet. Once in the skin, they enter the bloodstream and travel to the small intestine where they attach to the walls and begin to drink the person's blood and weaken the victim.

• mutualism

• commensalism

• parasitism

Multiple Choice

Clown fish live among anemones, acting as a lure for the sea anemone's prey. The clown fish get protection and shelter from the anemone. This is an example of which type of symbiosis?

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

• Parasitism

Multiple Choice

Mockingbirds will push the eggs out of a blue bird's nest and use the nest for it's own babies illustrating...

• commensalism

• parasitism

• mutualism

• predation

Multiple Choice

Aphids are tiny insects that live on and eat the leaves of plants, removing vital nutrients from the plants.

• Predation

• Parasitism

• Commensalism

• Mutualism

Multiple Choice

When a mosquito bites you, you are the __________ and the mosquito is the ____________.

• host, hostess

• parasite, host

• host, parasite

• prey, predator

Multiple Choice

A relationship between two organisms in which both organisms benefit.

• Mutualism

• Competition

• Parasitsm

• Commensalism

Multiple Choice

Red-billed oxpeckers are birds that often feed on parasites that infest impala.  This is an example of _______.

• commensalism
• mutualism
• neutralism
• competition

Multiple Choice

Which symbols best describe parasitism?

• +,+

• +,-

• +,0

• -,0

Multiple Choice

What type of symbiosis? Skunks often live in burrows that have been dug and abandoned by woodchucks.

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

Multiple Choice

What type of symbiosis?  Hummingbirds feed on nectar from flowers.  The flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds as they move from flower to flower.

• commensalism
• mutualism
• parasitism
• predation

Multiple Choice

A tapeworm lives in the intestine of a cat absorbing nutrients through its skin. A tapeworm and a cat have this type of relationship.

• mutualism

• parasitism

• commensalism

• competition

Multiple Choice

A relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the other is unharmed...

• Mutualism

• Competition

• Parasitsm

• Commensalism

Multiple Choice

Cows would not be able to digest the grasses they eat without the help of certain bacteria. These bacteria live in the cows' digestive systems and help break down plant material to release nutrients. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

• commensalism

• mutualism

• parasitism

• predation

Multiple Choice

Cattle egrets forage (feed) in fields among cattle. The egret gets easy access to flying insects stirred up by the cattle, and the cattle don't care if they are there or not.

• mutualism
• commensalism
• competition
• parasitism

Describe and investigate various limiting factors in the local ecosystem and their impact on native populations, including food, shelter, water, space, disease, parasitism, predation, and nesting sites. (SC.7.L.17.3 - DoK 3)

• A population is all of the organisms of a species that live in the same area.

• There are a variety of factors, including natural resources, that can influence a population of organisms in an ecosystem.

• Limiting factors limit the populations within an ecosystem. Living resources are called biotic factors, while non-living resources are called abiotic factors.

• Examples of limiting factors include: food, water, shelter, space, disease, predation, parasitism, and nesting sites.

• Carrying capacity is the maximum population of a species that can live in an area depending on the resources available.

• Changes in populations within an ecosystem can have a chain reaction affect due to the connections between organisms as demonstrated by foob web relationships.

Multiple Choice

Bobcats hunt small animals such as rabbits in the Florida Everglades. When human pet owners released snakes called pythons in the Everglades, these new predators also hunted the rabbits. The population of rabbits decreased. What effect did this population change most likely have on the bobcats?

• The bobcats decreased in number.

• The bobcats increased in number.

• The bobcats were not affected.

• The bobcats became extinct.

Multiple Choice

Limiting factors vary from one ecosystem to another. Which of the following pairs are limiting factors in a deep ocean ecosystem?

• bacteria and erosion

• temperature and light

• rainfall and temperature

• light and soil composition

Multiple Choice

For a species of fish in a pond, food supply is the factor that limits the size of the population. All of the other resources required for that population of fish are plentiful, and could support a larger population of fish. If the fish population’s food supply decreases, how will the competition between individual fish be affected?

• It will decrease.

• It will no longer occur.

• It will not change.

• It will increase.

Multiple Choice

Living and nonliving factors affect the population of ecosystems. Which of the following is a biotic limiting factor for a population of snails living in a pond?

• amount of salt in the water

• available plants as a food source

• amount of sunlight

• temperature of the water

Multiple Choice

There are many different factors in ecosystem that can limit population sizes. Which of the following lists two limiting factors that are due to interactions between living things?

• water supply, hours of daylight

• size of habitat, climate

• air temperature, food supply

• parasitism, predation