Decolonization after WWII

Decolonization after WWII

by Mr. Boswell & Mr. Jackson

Open Ended

In your own words, what is a colony?

Open Ended

What are some of the things a country needs to be a good place to live? (List at least three things)

Colonization by Europe

• By the late 1800s, nearly all of Africa and Asia had been colonized by European countries.

• At the Berlin Conference in 1888, Europe met together to divide up the African continent.

Multiple Choice

Most of Africa and Asia was colonized by?

• Europe

• Australia

• North America

• South America

Multiple Choice

According to the map, South Africa was colonized by what European country?

• Germany

• France

• Portugal

• Great Britain/UK

The Effects of Colonization

• European countries used the colonies to make themselves rich.

• They only built roads and electricity near resources, leaving much of the land undeveloped.

• Few locals were educated or allowed to be a part of the government.

More Effects of Colonization

• Europeans divided up land without looking at who lived there.

• Some ethnic groups were split into different countries.

• Others were lumped together with rival groups and enemies.

Multiple Choice

Which statement is true about colonization in Africa and Asia?

• It led to the local people becoming much richer.

• Many local groups were divided by the Europeans drawing random borders.

• Europeans shared their wealth with the colonies.

• The Europeans taught the colonies how to do the Thriller dance from Michael Jackson.

Still More Effects of Colonization

• Because they were colonies, Europeans did not spend money building schools, universities, factories that made finished items

• The language of government was not local, so many didn't understand signs, documents, or instructions.

Multiple Choice

The colonies were forced to use?

• European weapons

• European languages

• European food

• European news

Even more effects of colonization

• Most colonies were set up to only produce one item:

• Gold Coast: Cacao

• Congo: Rubber

• Emirates: Oil

• When these colonies became independent, there was few jobs and the government only had one way to make money!

What did the local people think?

• Many locals wanted self-rule and for the Europeans to leave.

• A few locals received an education in Europe and the United States and they became the leaders for independence.

Multiple Choice

Many independence leaders received an education in?

• Soviet Union

• China

• Their homeland

• Europe and the US

Decolonization

• Starting after WWII, most colonies slowly became independent.

• India, Pakistan -1947

• Indonesia-1949

• Ghana-1957

• 17 African countries-1960

• United Arab Emirates-1971

Multiple Choice

What year did 17 African countries receive their independence? (Hint: it was 61 years ago)

• 1945

• 1950

• 1960

• 1971

Decolonization and Nationalism

• Many local leaders were nationalists (people who wanted independence for their people)

• They held protests against colonial rule.

• Many nationalists and liberation fighters had to fight for their freedom.

Multiple Choice

Many people who fought for independence in Africa and Asia were known as?

• Separatists

• Monarchists

• Nationalists

• Communists

Pan Movements

• Some leaders championed the idea that instead of individual countries, they should join together to overcome colonialism

• Pan-Africanism in Africa

• Pan-Arabism in the Middle East

Open Ended

What are the pan-Africanist colors? Have you seen those colors together before?

Decolonization Problems

• Many new countries lacked important things:

• Few educated people to rule

• Underdeveloped roads, railroads, airports, bridges

• No factories, business investment

• Divided people groups

New Country Problems

• Many countries tried to adopt communism or socialism after independence.

• Many new countries suffered from civil war, coups, famine and genocide.

• Their former colonizers also still tried to control things. This is called neo-colonialism.

Open Ended

Exit Ticket: What were the challenges that new countries in Africa and Asia faced after they received their independence?