Big Idea 8: Propeties of Matter - Elem/Comp/Mix (CS1)

Big Idea 8: Propeties of Matter

Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures (CS1)

Big Idea 8: Properties of Matter

• All objects and substances in the world are made of matter. Matter has two fundamental properties: matter takes up space and matter has mass which gives it inertia.

• Objects and substances can be classified by their physical and chemical properties. Mass is the amount of matter (or "stuff") in an object. Weight, on the other hand, is the measure of force of attraction (gravitational force) between an object and Earth.

• The concepts of mass and weight are complicated and potentially confusing to elementary students. Hence, the more familiar term of "weight" is recommended for use to stand for both mass and weight in grades K-5. By grades 6-8, students are expected to understand the distinction between mass and weight, and use them appropriately.

Classify and compare substances on the basis of characteristic physical properties that can be demonstrated or measured; for example, density, thermal or electrical conductivity, solubility, magnetic properties, melting and boiling points, and know that these properties are independent of the amount of the sample. (SC.8.P.8.4 - DoK 2)

• Physical properties of matter can be observed without changing the identity of a substance. They include things like: color, size, density, malleability (whether it is bendable or not), ductility (whether it can be stretch and molded into thin wire or not), magnetism, melting and boiling point, solubility (whether it dissolves in water or not).

• Characteristic properties of matter stay the same no matter how much or how little of a sample you have, so they are useful in helping to identify a substance. They include things like: density, magnetism. melting and boiling point, etc.

• The density of a substance describes how much mass is contained in a certain volume of a substance.

• Density can be calculated by dividing mass by volume. Its unit is g/mL or g/cm3.

Multiple Choice

Matthew has six cubes of different materials. Each cube has a mass of 10 grams (g). Matthew sorts the cubes into two groups using one physical property.

Which physical property did Matthew most likely use to sort the cubes into two groups?

• density

• magnetism

• melting point

• electrical conductivity

Multiple Choice

Madison is heating two different liquids. For each liquid, she wants to compare the temperatures at which gas bubbles form, rise, and begin to escape. What physical property is Madison using to compare the liquids?

• boiling point

• conductivity

• melting point

• solubility

Multiple Choice

Four blocks made of different materials are shown below. Which block has the greatest density?

Multiple Choice

The graph compares the densities of seven different metals. Based on information from the graph, which statement best compares the densities of two metals?

• Ten kilograms of aluminum is denser than one kilogram of titanium.

• Any sample of zirconium is denser than any sample of titanium.

• Five kilograms of iron is denser than one kilogram of lead.

• Any sample of zinc is denser than any sample of iron.

Multiple Choice

Emma is conducting an investigation to compare several physical properties of samples of two different kinds of rocks. When she measured and compared the masses of the two rocks, she found that rock 1 had a greater mass than rock 2. Which of the following is the best prediction of how another property of the rocks will compare?

• The density of rock 1 will be the same as the density of rock 2.

• The weight of rock 1 will be greater than the weight of rock 2.

• The volume of rock 1 will be less than the volume of rock 2.

• The state of rock 1 will be different from the state of rock 2.

Multiple Choice

An electromagnet is a temporary magnet made by passing an electric current through coils of wire wrapped around a metal core. Current passing through the wire causes the wire to act as a magnet. The magnet is stronger if the core is made of a material that has magnetic properties. Which of the following objects would be best to use for the core of an electromagnet?

• aluminum rod

• copper pipe

• iron rod

• lead pipe

Multiple Choice

Joshua has a mixture of sand and iron filings. Which physical property would best help Joshua separate the filings from the sand?

• conductivity

• density

• magnetism

• solubility

Multiple Choice

The equation for density is shown. The density of gold is 19.3 g/cm³. The density of iron is 7.9 g/cm³. A sample of silverhas a volume of 4.0cm³ and a mass of 42 g. How does silver compare with gold and iron in density?

• Silver is denser than either gold or iron.

• Silver is less dense than either gold or iron.

• Silver is denser than gold and less dense than iron.

• Silver is denser than iron and less dense than gold.

Multiple Choice

Physical properties can be used to compare and classify substances. The process below demonstrates a physical property of sugar. Which of the following physical properties of sugar is demonstrated by the process above?

• density

• solubility

• melting point

• thermal conductivity

Multiple Choice

Physical properties can be used to compare and classify substances. Which statement is correct about a physical property?

• A physical property is based on a substance’s ability to change into a new substance.

• A physical property can be observed or measured without changing the identity of the substance.

• A physical property describes a substance’s ability to be involved in a chemical reaction.

• A physical property is difficult to observe and even more difficult to measure.

Multiple Choice

A characteristic property is one that is remains the same regardless of the amount of matter that is present. Which of the following is a characteristic property of matter?

• density

• mass

• volume

• weight

Multiple Choice

A golf ball and a table-tennis ball are about the same size. In other words, they have about the same volume. However, a golf ball has more mass than a table-tennis ball. What can you conclude from this information?

• A table-tennis ball contains more matter than a golf ball.

• A table-tennis ball has the same properties as a golf ball.

• A golf ball contains a smaller amount of mass per volume than a table-tennis ball.

• A golf ball has a greater density than a table-tennis ball.

Multiple Choice

A student added a rock to a graduated cylinder of 20 mL of water. What is the volume of the rock?

• 20 mL

• 3 mL

• 23 mL

• 43 mL

Identify basic examples of and compare and classify the properties of compounds, including acids, bases, and salts. (SC.8.P.8.8 - DoK 2)

• pH is a scale of acidity from 0 to 14. It tells how acidic or alkaline (basic) a substance is.

• More acidic solutions have lower pH. Acids have a pH that is less than 7.

• More basic solutions have higher pH. Bases have a pH that is greater than 7.

• Substances that aren't acidic or basic (that is, neutral solutions) usually have a pH of 7.

• When you mix an acid and a base of similar strength, a neutralization reaction occurs creating neutal salt water.

Multiple Choice

The data table lists the properties of four unknown substances. Based on the data in the table, which substance is a base?

• Substance 1

• Substance 2

• Substance 3

• Substance 4

Multiple Choice

Acids can be strong or weak. Which pH value represents the strongest acid?

• pH = 12

• pH = 7

• pH = 5

• pH = 1

Multiple Choice

Acid rain occurs in some regions on Earth and has a negative impact on plants and animals. Normal rainwater has a pH between 5.5 and 6. Which of the following is most likely to be the pH of rainwater that is classified as acid rain?

• pH above 7

• pH of 7

• pH of 6

• pH below 5

Multiple Choice

Using the pH scale which substance is closest to neutral?

• Lemon juice

• Milk

• Sea Water

• Lye

Multiple Choice

According to the pH range which substance is more acidic than lemon juice

• Hydrochloric acid

• cabbage

• milk

Multiple Choice

An acid

• is a substance that releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

• is a substance that does not release any ions when dissolved in water

• is a substance that releases OH- when dissolved in water

• releases an equal amount of OH- and H+ ions when dissolved in water

Multiple Choice

The picture below shows the relative concentrations of H+ and OH- in a solution. Is the solution an acid or a base?

• acid

• base

Multiple Choice

If you have a substance with a pH of 7.1 it is a(n).....

• Acid
• base

Multiple Choice

A pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a pH of 5?

• 2

• 20

• 10

• 100

Multiple Choice

A base is a substance

• That releases OH- ions when dissolved in water

• That releases H+ ions when dissolved in water

• Does not release any ions when dissolved in water

• None of the above

Multiple Choice

In a test of pH levels, a baking soda has a pH of 9 and bleach has a pH of 12. What is true about there relationship?

• Both of the solution are Bases

• Both of the solution are Acids

• The Baking soda is an acid and the Bleach is a base

• The baking soda is a base and the Bleach is an Acid.

Multiple Choice

Complete the sentence.
A substance that is more basic has a _____ pH than a substance that is acidic.

• lower
• higher
• the same
• none of the above

Multiple Choice

What is the only substance with a neutral pH of 7?

• Milk
• Orange Juice
• Water
• Blood

Multiple Choice

The pH scale is a range from:

• 1-7
• 0-14
• 1-5
• 1-20

Distinguish among mixtures (including solutions) and pure substances. (SC.8.P.8.9 - DoK 2)

• Pure substances cannot be broken down into more simple components by physical changes. They include all elements and compounds.

• For example if you have a glass of only H2O molecules, you have a pure substance. If you freeze it or boil it, it is still H2O.

• Mixtures can be separated by physical changes so they are not considered pure substances.

• There are two categories of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogenous. Heterogeneous mixtures are not evenly mixed. Like salad or salad dressing you can see the different parts of the mixture. Homogenous mixtures are mixed evenly like when sugar is dissolved in water.

• Solutions are all homogenous mixtures because the solute is completely dissolved in the solvent.

• Colloids, or non-Newtonian fluids, are heterogeneous mixtures even though they look like homogenous mixtures. Their particles are too big to uniformly mix into a solution so they exist in a strange semisolid/semiliquid state. (Ex: slime, ketchup, jello)

Multiple Choice

Different kinds of mailer make up the materials of the rock cycle. Which of the following best describes the loose sediments shown in both diagrams?

• solution

• pure substance

• homogeneous mixture

• heterogeneous mixture

Multiple Choice

Iron (Fe) can combine with oxygen gas (O₂) to form rust molecules (Fe₂0₃). This chemical reaction is represented in the balanced equation shown below.

4Fe + 30₂ → 2Fe₂0₃

Which of the following represents one atom of an element involved in this chemical reaction?

• Fe₂O₃

• FeO

• O₂

• Fe

Multiple Choice

The building blocks of both living and nonliving matter are called elements. Which of the following groups of substances contains only elements?

• N, Ni,I

• C, NaCl, H

• Li, NaOH, CI

• H₂, NaCl, CO

Multiple Choice

Which statement below describes the difference between mixtures and pure substances?

• Pure substances can be physically separated but mixtures cannot be physically separated.

• Mixtures can be physically separated but pure substances cannot be physically separated.

• Mixtures are made of a single kind of matter but a pure substance is two or more substances that are chemically bonded.

• Pure substances are not created through a chemical reaction and mixtures are the result of a chemical reaction.

Multiple Choice

There are millions of different compounds on Earth. Which of the following substances is an example of a compound?

• chlorine (CI)

• hydrogen ion (H+)

• sodium (Na)

• sodium hydroxide (NaOH)

Multiple Choice

Elements are building blocks of matter that combine chemically to form countless compounds. Which of the following are examples of elements?

• acid, base, and salt

• silicon, iron, and aluminum

• water, methane, and glucose

• proton, neutron, and electron

Multiple Choice

Compounds are made up of different kinds of atoms that are chemically combined. What do compounds have in common?

• They have the same color.

• They have the same melting point.

• They can be broken down into simpler substances.

• They cannot combine with one another to form more complex substances.

Multiple Choice

The model represents a structure of a form of matter. Which of the following does the model represent?

• an atom

• a nucleus

• an element

• a compound

Multiple Choice

The drawing illustrates a chemical process. What chemical process does the drawing best illustrate?

• Elements combining to form other elements.

• Atoms of different elements combining to form a compound.

• Compounds combining to form elements.

• Elements breaking up into atoms.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a compound?

• carbon

• gold

• oxygen

• water