Earth Science review

Earth Science review

Weathering, Erosion, Deposition

Open Ended

What force does this model?

Open Ended

What natural action does this show?

Multiple Choice

A student hiking in a rocky area on a mountain notices that wide, deep cracks have formed in some of the large rocks. Some of the cracks are so large that the rocks have broken apart. Which process most likely caused these rocks to crack and break?

• erosion by wind

• water freezing and thawing

• erosion by fast-moving water

• sediments being deposited

landforms

Open Ended

What landform would this model create?

Open Ended

What created this landform?

Open Ended

What force created this landform?

Multiple Choice

The Grand Canyon is more than 400 km long and in places almost 2 km deep. Which model best represents the main process that formed the Grand Canyon?

Multiple Choice

The photograph shows a canyon in northern Arizona. Which of these describes how this canyon was most likely formed?

• floods eroded the sandstone away from the canyon walls

• glaciers eroded the canyon rock as they melted and moved

• ice wedged into cracks in the rock and weathered the canyon walls

• wind blew large rocks that smashed against the canyon walls

Multiple Choice

The breaking down of soil, rock, and minerals is called -

• erosion

• sediment

• weathering

• deposition

Multiple Choice

The picture shows a delta that has formed at the mouth of a river. Which statement best explains how the delta was formed?

• Sediment from a flowing river is eroded and deposited at the mouth of the river.

• A volcano erupted at the mouth of the river leaving behind molten rock.

• Sediment is deposited at the mouth of a river from strong winds.

• Water pressure pushed soil from the flowing river and deposited it at the mouth of the river.

Multiple Choice

A wide U-shaped valley is shown in the photograph below. This valley was most likely formed by -

• flash flooding

• a glacier

• a hurricane

• melting snow

Sedimentary rock formation

This is what sedimentary rock looks like. Why does it come in LAYERS?

Open Ended

What step in sedimentary rock formation does this show?

Multiple Choice

Which diagram models the process of COMPACTION leading to the formation of sedimentary rock?

Multiple Choice

The model shows layers of sediment on the floor of an ocean. Which of the following best explains how these layers can become rock over many years?

• sand in the sediment melts and turns into rock

• the weight of water compacts the sediment into rock

• changing water temperature turns sand in the sediment into rock

• pollution caused by humans turned the sediment into rock

Multiple Choice

A scientist examines a layer of rock and makes the following observations: flat layers are visible in the rock layersand made of small grains of sand held together with natural cement. What can the scientist infer?

• an active volcano must be nearby

• earthquakes must have helped form this rock

• the rock must have formed near the center of the Earth

• the grains that make up the rock must have once been part of another rock

the fossil record

What can we tell about how the environment has changed over time?

Multiple Choice

Fossils of ferns, like the ferns found in modern swamps, were discovered in a layer of rock. In a rock layer below, the fossils of cacti, like those that live in hot, arid deserts were found. Based on this evidence, we could conclude that the area where the fossils were discovered had what sequence of climates in the past?

• forest, followed by deep ocean

• cold climate that got warmer over time

• very dry and then much more damp

• rushing river, then dark cave

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows a cliff alongside a river. Many fossils like the one in the diagrm are found in layer N of the cliff. In which type of environment did Layer N most likely form?

• a forest

• an ocean

• a desert

• a grassland

fossil fuel formation

Open Ended

Coal formed from...

Open Ended

Oil and natural gas formed from....

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows layers deposited under a body of water. This layering continued for millions of years. What most likely happened to the dead plants and animals?

• they were eaten by scavengers

• they became fossil fuels

• they were washed away by water

• they became an underground aquifer

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the correct order of the formation of the fossil fuel shown?

• 1,2,3

• 2,1,3

• 2,3,1

• 1,3,2

renewable / nonrenewable resources

Multiple Choice

The chart below shows natural resources available on Earth. Which answer choice best completes the chart?

• air

• minerals

• petroleum

• metal

Multiple Choice

Which of these is a renewable resource?

• gasoline that contains some alcohol

• wind produced by the uneven heating of Earth's surface

• natural gas pumped from deep underground

• none of these

water cycle

Multiple Choice

The diagram shows the process of evaporation over the ocean. What is the most likely effect of this process on the land areas nearby?

• increased drought conditions

• decreased erosion of the shoreline

• increased precipitation

• decreased solar energy

earth/ space patterns

Open Ended

Is this rotation or revolution?

Open Ended

What does the rotation of the Earth on its axis cause?

Open Ended

Does arrow 2 represent rotation or revolution?

Open Ended

Is this rotation or revolution?

Multiple Choice

Which of these best explains why the sun appears to move across the sky?

Multiple Choice

Pictured are the planets and the sun. Which statement best explains the relationship between the planets and the sun?

• The Sun revolves around the planets

• The Sun rotates around the planets

• The planets rotate around the Sun

• The planets revolve around the Sun

Multiple Choice

During a low tide, John and his friends built a sand castle on the beach. Several hours later a high tide came in and began washing the sand castle away. What is the cause of high and low tides?

• Earth's rotation

• The pull of gravity from the Sun and Moon

• an underwater earthquake

• strong winds blowing across the water

Multiple Choice

A student draws a model showing the movements of the Earth, moon and Sun. Which arrow shows the movement that causes day and night on Earth?

• Arrow 1, because it shows the rotation of the sun

• Arrow 2, because it shows the orbit of Earth around the sun

• Arrow 3, because it shows the orbit of the moon around Earth

• Arrow 4, because it shows the rotation of the Earth