AP Review: In-Class Learning

AP Review:
In-Class Learning

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Likely To Appear

• Differentiate learning: classical vs. operant vs. socio-cognitive

• UCS, UCR, CS, CR

• acquisition, extinction, spontaneous recovery

• generalization or discrimination

• shaping

• positive/negative reinforcement; positive/negative punishment

• types of reinforcers: primary vs secondary

• schedules of reinforcement

• cognitive or biological component to learning

• habituation

​ Classical Operant

Multiple Choice

A child is frightened by the sight of the lawn mower because of the loud noise? Which type of conditioning?

• classical

• operant

Multiple Choice

A child has learned to associate chores with an allowance. Which type of conditioning?

• classical

• operant

Multiple Choice

John Watson and his colleague, Rosalie Rayner, offered a live white rat to Little Albert and then made a loud noise behind his head by striking a steel bar with a hammer which led to fear in Little Albert. What is the conditioned response?

• white rat

• fear

• loud noise

• steel bar

Multiple Choice

Brian ate a tuna salad sandwich that had become tainted with bacteria from being in the sun too long. Not long after eating, Brian became extremely nauseated and felt awful. After that, even the sight of a tuna sandwich caused Brian to feel nauseated. In this scenario, what is the conditioned stimulus (CS)?

• tuna sandwich

• nausea

• bacteria

• Brian

Multiple Choice

If a caveman starts to fear big furry animals that growl (like a lion) but knows not to be afraid of a small furry animal (like a mouse), what survival adaptation is occurring?

• extinction

• generalization

• discrimination

• operant conditioning

Multiple Choice

Which theory states that if there is a pleasant stimulus-response reinforced, the behavior will increase, and the opposite is true if an unpleasant consequence is given as punishment?

• Law of Effect

• Classical Conditioning

• Socio-cognitive Learning

• Observational Learning

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a primary reinforcer?

• VIdeo Games

• Punishment

• Food

• School

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is the best example of shaping?

• A child receives five dollars each time he cleans his room.
• A child gets candy from a dispenser one time but gets nothing from the dispenser the next two times.
• A teacher rewards a student for sitting quietly for ten minutes on Monday, fifteen minutes on Tuesday, twenty minutes on Wednesday, and thirty minutes on Thursday.
• A rat receives a mild shock each time it tries to open the door of its cage.

Multiple Choice

Negative reinforcement _______ the rate of a response; punishment ______ the rate of a response.

• Increases; decreases

• Decreases; increases

• Decreases; decreases

• Increases; does not affect

Multiple Choice

When Olivia makes rude noises at the dinner table, she gets her mouth washed out with soap. She doesn't make rude noises that often anymore. This is an example of

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

Multiple Choice

Maddie gets a speeding ticket, and her parents take her car away for 2 weeks. What type of Operational Conditioning is taking place?

• positive punishment

• negative punishment

• positive reinforcement

• negative reinforcement

Multiple Choice

In video games, rewards such as points, loot, or level advancements are often given. A teenager playing a video game might not know when they'll earn the next reward, but the uncertainty keeps them engaged and motivated to keep playing.

• fixed ratio

• variable ratio

• fixed interval

• variable interval

Multiple Choice

Marie works in a dress factory and gets paid every two weeks. This is an example of

• variable ratio

• fixed interval

• fixed ratio

• variable interval

Multiple Choice

When kids watch adults take their anger out on the doll, they copied the behavior. The Bobo doll experiment demonstrated the role of:

• Operant conditioning; modeling

• Observation learning; shaping

• Observational learning; modeling

• Operant conditioning; shaping

Multiple Choice

Edward Tolman had three groups of rats. Group A got reinforced for running the maze. B did not. C did not at first, but in the second half of trials, started to. What Group C proved was that the rats had knowledge of the maze, but needed some reinforcement to achieve their full learning potential. Because their learning was "hidden", Tolman called it...

• Observational Learning

• Latent Learning

• Abstract Learning

• Insight Learning

Multiple Choice

If you get violently ill a couple of hours after eating contaminated food, you will probably develop an aversion to the taste of that food but not to the sight of the restaurant where you ate it. This best illustrates that associative learning is constrained by

• intrinsic motivation

• spontaneous recovery

• biological predispositions

• conditioned reinforcers

Multiple Choice

Every time the child asks for a snack, the parent gives them one. However, the child is asking for snacks too often. The parent decides to no longer give the child a snack every time they ask for one. Instead, the parent only provides snacks at designated times or when the child asks in a polite manner. This is an example of:

• extinction

• spontaneous recovery

• acquisition

• generalization

Multiple Choice

After being conditioned to fear a loud buzzer when a red light flashes, a child stops reacting to the red light after several trials without the noise. A week later, the red light flashes and the child flinches. This is an example of:

• spontaneous recovery

• stimulus discrimination

• conditioned response (CR)

• stimulus generalization

Multiple Choice

Every morning, Jessica hears the train pass by her apartment at 6:00 AM. At first, the sound would wake her up, but after a few weeks, she no longer notices it and sleeps through it. This change is best explained by which psychological concept?

• Classical conditioning

• Sensory adaptation

• Habituation

• Operant conditioning

Multiple Choice

You walk into a bakery and initially notice the strong smell of bread, but after a few minutes, you barely notice it.

• Habituation

• Sensory adaptation

Multiple Choice

A baby stops reacting to a jack-in-the-box after seeing it pop up several times.

• Habituation

• Sensory adaptation

Multiple Choice

After wearing a watch for a while, you no longer feel it on your wrist.

• Sensory adaptation

• Habituation